<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12492022000101201</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31134/ap.93.1.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de macrólidos en niños hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados moderados e intensivos durante 2018]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of macrolides in children hospitalized in Intensive and Moderate Care Units in 2018]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uso de macrólidos em crianças hospitalizadas em unidades de cuidados intermediários e intensivos no 2018]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giachetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina Bacteriología y Virología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina Clínica Pediátrica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12492022000101201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12492022000101201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12492022000101201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  se describe a nivel mundial un aumento en la prescripción de macrólidos en niños y adolescentes, generando el riesgo de emergencia de cepas resistentes.  Objetivo:  caracterizar el uso de macrólidos en niños de 1 mes a 14 años hospitalizados en cuidados moderados e intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR).  Metodología:  estudio descriptivo transversal de niños hospitalizados tratados con macrólidos en el HP-CHPR en 2018. Variables: tipo de macrólido, duración del tratamiento, estudios y hallazgos microbiológicos y diagnóstico al egreso.  Resultados:  recibieron macrólidos 334 niños, mediana de edad 13 meses, 58,4% varones. 71,0% en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Predominó la prescripción de claritromicina (72,8%), durante los dos últimos cuatrimestres del año (77,5%) y por patología respiratoria (94%): bronquiolitis (23,3%), infección aguda no especificada de las vías respiratorias inferiores (21,9%) y crisis asmática (19,1%). Mediana de tratamiento con azitromicina y claritromicina 5 y 8 días respectivamente. Se realizaron estudios microbiológicos en 96,1% sin determinarse microorganismo en 58,3%.  Conclusiones:  se destaca el uso de macrólidos principalmente en la UTI y por patología respiratoria. La prescripción por fuera de las recomendaciones nacionales vigentes y la baja confirmación microbiológica que apoye el uso fueron los mayores problemas detectados, por lo que parece fundamental establecer estrategias tendientes a promover un uso racional de estos antibióticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary:  Introduction:  literature has described a global increase in the prescription of macrolides to children and adolescents , which has increased the risk of emergence of resistant strains.  Objective:  to characterize the use of macrolides in children from 1 month to 14 years of age hospitalized at the moderate and intensive care units of the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital Center (HP-CHPR).  Methodology:  descriptive cross-sectional study of hospitalized children treated with macrolides at the HP-CHPR in 2018. Variables: macrolide type, treatment duration, microbiological studies and findings, and diagnosis at discharge.  Results:  334 children received macrolides, median age 13 months, 58.4% males. 71.0% hospitalized atnan Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Clarithromycin was mainly prescribed in 72.8% of the cases, during the last two quarters of the year (77.5%), due to respiratory disease (94%): bronchiolitis (23.3%), lower respiratory tract unspecified acute infection (21.9%) and asthma crisis (19.1%). Median treatment included Azithromycin and Clarithromycin for 5 and 8 days respectively. Microbiological studies were carried out in 96.1% of the cases and 58.3% did not show the presence of microorganisms.  Conclusions:  the use of macrolides stands out, mainly at ICUs and due to respiratory pathologies. The main problems identified were prescriptions made outside the framework of the present national recommendations and the low microbiological confirmation for their use, which suggests it is essential to set strategies to promote a more rational use of these antibiotics.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  a literatura descreve um aumento a nível global na prescrição de macrolídeos para crianças e adolescentes, o que tem aumentado o risco de surgimento de cepas resistentes.  Objetivo: caracterizar o uso de macrolídeos em crianças de 1 mês a 14 anos de idade internadas nas unidades de terapia moderada e intensiva do Centro Hospitalar Pediátrico Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR).  Metodologia: estudo transversal descritivo de crianças hospitalizadas tratadas com macrolídeos no HP-CHPR em 2018. Variáveis: tipo de macrolídeo, duração do tratamento, estudos e achados microbiológicos e diagnóstico no momento da alta.  Resultados:  334 crianças receberam macrolídeos, idade mediana de 13 meses, 58,4% do sexo masculino. 71,0% internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A Claritromicina foi prescrita principalmente em 72,8% dos casos, nos últimos dois trimestres do ano (77,5%), devido a doença respiratória (94%): bronquiolite (23,3%), infecção aguda não especificada do trato respiratório inferior (21,9%) e crise de asma (19,1%). O tratamento médio incluiu Azitromicina e Claritromicina por 5 e 8 dias, respectivamente. Estudos microbiológicos foram realizados em 96,1% dos casos e 58,3% não evidenciaram a presença de microrganismos.  Conclusões: destaca-se o uso de macrolídeos, principalmente em UTIs, e devido a patologias respiratórias. Os principais problemas identificados foram as prescrições feitas fora das atuais recomendações nacionais e a baixa confirmação microbiológica para sua utilização, o que sugere que é essencial definir estratégias para promover uma utilização mais racional destes antibióticos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Macrólidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones del sistema respiratorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niño hospitalizado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Macrolides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory tract infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hospitalized child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Macrolídeos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Infecções respiratorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Criança hospitalizada]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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