<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2730-5066</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrocienc. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2730-5066</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto de Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2730-50662025000101307</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31285/agro.29.1226</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Resistance to leaf rust in cultivars and wheat lines from Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia a roya de la hoja en cultivares y líneas de trigo de Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Resistência à ferrugem da folha em cultivares e linhas de trigo do Paraguai]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Germán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria (IPTA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Capitán Miranda ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Colonia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Leaf rust (LR) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks, is one of the most important diseases in Paraguay, the Southern Cone of America and worldwide. The economic importance of the disease is clear considering that two or more fungicide applications are necessary to control the disease in susceptible cultivars. The best strategy for the management of this disease is through genetic resistance. This research was conducted in Uruguay aiming to postulate the LR resistance genes present in 116 wheat cultivars and lines from Paraguay, and to characterize their field resistance. The presence of 12 all-stage resistance genes: Lr1, Lr2(b, c), Lr3(a, bg, ka), Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr16, Lr17a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr30 was postulated based on the reaction of the genotypes to different races of the pathogen. The adult plant resistance gene Lr34 was postulated in 31% of the genotypes, based on the molecular marker csLV34. This study also allowed differentiating genotypes with field resistance conferred by all-stage resistance genes from those with resistance expressed at the adult plant stage. Knowledge of the resistance genes present in the germplasm of breeding programs is of paramount importance to establish strategies to achieve effective and long-lasting resistance.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La roya de la hoja (RH) del trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.), causada por el hongo Puccinia triticina Eriks, es una de las enfermedades más importantes en Paraguay, el Cono Sur de América y a nivel mundial. La importancia económica de la enfermedad es clara si se considera que son necesarias dos o más aplicaciones de fungicidas para su control en cultivares susceptibles. La mejor estrategia para el manejo de esta enfermedad es a través de la resistencia genética. Esta investigación fue llevada a cabo en Uruguay con el objetivo de postular los genes de resistencia a RH presentes en 116 líneas y cultivares de trigo de Paraguay y caracterizar su resistencia a campo. Se postuló la presencia de 12 genes de resistencia en todos los estados: Lr1, Lr2(b, c), Lr3(a, bg, ka), Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr16, Lr17a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr30, con base en la reacción de los genotipos frente a distintas razas del patógeno. El gen de resistencia de planta adulta Lr34 fue postulado en 31% de los genotipos en base al marcador molecular csLV34. Este estudio permitió también diferenciar genotipos cuya resistencia a campo es conferida por genes de resistencia en todos los estados de aquellos que poseen resistencia expresada en el estado de planta adulta. Conocer los genes de resistencia presentes en el germoplasma de los programas de mejoramiento es de suma importancia para establecer estrategias para lograr resistencia efectiva y durable.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A ferrugem da folha (FF) do trigo-pão (Triticum aestivum L.), causada pelo fungo Puccinia triticina Eriks, é uma das doenças mais importantes no Paraguai, no Cone Sul da América e no mundo. A importância econômica da doença é clara considerando que duas ou mais aplicações de fungicidas são necessárias para o controle da doença em cultivares suscetíveis. A melhor estratégia para o manejo desta doença é através da resistência genética. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Uruguai, com o objetivo de postular os genes de resistência a FF presentes em 116 linhas e cultivares de trigo do Paraguai e caracterizar sua resistência em campo. A presença de 12 genes de resistência em todos os estados: Lr1, Lr2(b, c), Lr3(a, bg, ka), Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr16, Lr17a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr30, foi postulada com base na reação dos genótipos contra diferentes raças do patógeno. O gene de resistência de planta adulta Lr34 foi postulado em 31% dos genótipos com base no marcador molecular csLV34. Este estudo também possibilitou diferenciar aqueles materiais cuja resistência em campo é conferida por genes de resistência em todos os estados daqueles que possuem resistência expressa no estado de planta adulta. O conhecimento dos genes de resistência presentes no germoplasma dos programas de melhoramento é de suma importância para o estabelecimento de estratégias que alcancem resistência efetiva e durável.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leaf rust]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resistance genes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adult plant resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[roya de la hoja]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genes de resistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia de planta adulta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ferrugem da folha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[genes de resistência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência de planta adulta]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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