<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2730-5066</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrocienc. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2730-5066</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto de Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2730-50662025000101305</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31285/agro.29.1141</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Agent-based modelling applied to nitrogen and phosphorus assessment in agroecosystems: A case study of a Uruguayan dairy farm]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelado basado en agentes aplicado a la evaluación de nitrógeno y fósforo en agroecosistemas: Un estudio de caso de un predio lechero uruguayo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Modelagem baseada em agentes aplicada à avaliação de nitrogênio e fósforo em agroecossistemas: Um estudo de caso de uma fazenda leiteira uruguaia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faggian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dieguez Cameroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Deakin University Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Melbourne ]]></addr-line>
<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República Facultad de Veterinaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2730-50662025000101305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In Uruguay, dairy production is essential for the country and is under scrutiny due to the environmental impacts it can cause. Impacts are primarily the result of inefficient management practices which lead to an excessive use of nutrients -mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)- and their surplus flow into the environment, affecting soil, groundwater, and rivers. In this context, this paper explains research that has generated new knowledge for Uruguay's dairy sector to achieve more sustainable production by understanding which farm management practices maximize nutrient efficiency while reducing environmental damage. The research used a multi-methodology approach for the case study of a typical Uruguayan dairy farm by applying the Nutrient Budget Method and developing an Agent-Based Model (ABM) called Nitrogen Phosphorus Management (NPM). Nutrient budgeting is a valuable and straightforward method for analyzing farm data and evaluating all the nutrient inputs and outputs. However, it has some visual and research limitations that can be complemented with suitable agent-based modeling. The ABM modeling approach enables the analysis of the model&#8217;s agents in space and time, capturing the agroecosystem&#8217;s heterogeneity. Through their combined application, the research results demonstrate that, along with the use of correct management practices, it is possible to improve nutrient efficiency, and, in this way, dairy production systems can be less dependent on external nutrient inputs. The main findings indicate that nitrogen biological fixation, pastoral diets, cow stocking rates, and phosphorus accumulation in soils are key management variables that affect nutrient efficiency and environmental impacts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La producción lechera en Uruguay es fundamental y está bajo escrutinio debido a los impactos ambientales que puede causar. Dichos impactos son principalmente el resultado de prácticas de manejo ineficientes que conducen al uso excesivo de nutrientes cuyo excedente fluye hacia el medio ambiente, afectando el suelo, las aguas subterráneas y los ríos. En este contexto, este artículo explica una investigación que ha generado nuevos conocimientos para que el sector lechero de Uruguay logre una producción más sostenible mediante la comprensión de qué prácticas agropecuarias maximizan la eficiencia de los nutrientes a la vez que reducen los impactos ambientales. La investigación utilizó un enfoque multimetodológico en el caso de un predio lechero típico de Uruguay, aplicando el Método de Presupuesto de Nutrientes y desarrollando un Modelo Basado en Agentes (ABM) llamado Manejo de Nitrógeno y Fósforo (NPM). El balance de nutrientes es un método valioso y sencillo para analizar datos y evaluar las entradas y las salidas de nutrientes. Aunque tiene limitaciones visuales y de análisis, esto puede complementarse con un modelado adecuado basado en agentes, que permite analizar los agentes del modelo en tiempo y espacio, capturando la heterogeneidad del agroecosistema. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el uso de prácticas correctas mejora la eficiencia de los nutrientes, reduciendo la dependencia de insumos externos. Los principales hallazgos indican que la fijación biológica de nitrógeno, las dietas pastoriles, la carga animal y la acumulación de fósforo en el suelo son variables clave que afectan la eficiencia y los impactos ambientales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A produção de laticínios no Uruguai é essencial e está sob escrutínio devido aos impactos ambientais que pode causar. Os impactos resultam principalmente de práticas de gestão ineficientes, que levam ao uso excessivo de nutrientes, cujo excedente escoa para o meio ambiente, afetando o solo, as águas subterrâneas e os rios. Neste contexto, este artigo explica pesquisas que geraram novos conhecimentos para o setor lácteo do Uruguai alcançar uma produção mais sustentável, ao compreender quais práticas agrícolas maximizam a eficiência dos nutrientes e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzem os impactos ambientais. A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem multimetodológica no caso de uma típica fazenda leiteira no Uruguai, aplicando o Método de Orçamento de Nutrientes e desenvolvendo um Modelo Baseado em Agentes (ABM) denominado Gestão de Nitrogênio e Fósforo (NPM). O balanço de nutrientes é um método valioso e simples para analisar dados e avaliar entradas e saídas de nutrientes, embora tenha limitações visuais e analíticas, que podem ser complementadas com modelagem adequada baseada em agentes, que permite analisar os agentes do modelo no tempo e no espaço, capturando a heterogeneidade do agroecossistema. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a utilização de práticas corretas melhora a eficiência nutricional, reduzindo a dependência de insumos externos. As principais conclusões indicam que a fixação biológica de azoto, as dietas pastoris, a taxa de lotação e a acumulação de fósforo no solo são variáveis-chave que afetam a eficiência e os impactos ambientais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ABM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dairy farm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutrient budget]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutrient efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ABM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[predio lechero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado ecológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[balance de nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia de nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ABM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fazenda leiteira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelagem ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[balanço de nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[eficiência de nutrientes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<page-range>266</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
