<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2730-5066</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrocienc. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2730-5066</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto de Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2730-50662023000101401</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31285/agro.27.1166</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Cultivo, processamento e produção de cânhamo anatoliano (Cannabis sativa L.): história e observações recentes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,BioAgronomics Group Consultants  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Los Angeles California]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2730-50662023000101401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2730-50662023000101401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2730-50662023000101401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La Cannabis sativa L. ha sido cultivada en Anatolia desde la antigüedad y hoy en día persiste su cultivo comercial en una escala limitada. Valorado por su fibra resistente y sus semillas nutritivas, el cáñamo fue un cultivo importante para el sustento de muchos hogares rurales. A lo largo del Imperio otomano, los cordajes de cáñamo, tejidos y estopa eran necesidades marítimas y productos comercializados a nivel internacional. Durante el siglo XX, los niveles de producción comercial de fibra y semillas de cáñamo fluctuaron debido a fuerzas regulatorias y del mercado, lo que finalmente llevó a un declive constante a partir de la década de 1980. La producción de cáñamo en Turquía solo sobrevive hoy en entornos de mercado especializados, aunque recientemente la producción ha aumentado. Se presentan datos históricos obtenidos en gran parte de fuentes en idioma turco, junto con comunicaciones personales y observaciones de campo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A Cannabis sativa L. tem sido cultivada na Anatolia desde tempos antigos e o cultivo comercial persiste atualmente em uma escala limitada. Valorizado por sua fibra durável e semente nutritiva, o cânhamo foi uma importante cultura de subsistência em muitas famílias rurais. Em todo o Império Otomano, cordas de cânhamo, tecidos e estopa eram necessidades marítimas e commodities comercializadas internacionalmente. Ao longo do século XX, os níveis de produção comercial de fibra e semente de cânhamo flutuaram devido a forças regulatórias e de mercado, levando eventualmente a um declínio constante a partir da década de 1980. A produção de cânhamo na Turquia sobrevive apenas hoje em configurações de mercado especializadas, embora recentemente a produção tenha aumentado. Dados históricos em grande parte obtidos a partir de fontes em língua turca são apresentados juntamente com comunicações pessoais e observações de campo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cannabis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hemp]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anatolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Turkey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regulations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cannabis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cáñamo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anatolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Turquía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regulaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cannabis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cânhamo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Anatolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Turquia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[regulamentações]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cannabis production from Ottoman to Republic]]></article-title>
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