<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2301-1548</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia (Uruguay)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia Uruguay]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2301-1548</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2301-15482020000202309</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31285/agro.24.111</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of crude protein level in high grain diets on calf growth and feed utilization]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto del nivel de proteína en raciones alto grano sobre el crecimiento de terneros y eficiencia de utilización del alimento]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito do nível de proteína em rações alto grão no crescimento dos bezerros e eficiência de uso da ração]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República Facultad de Agronomía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Paysandú ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2301-15482020000202309&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2301-15482020000202309&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2301-15482020000202309&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This study assessed the effect of crude protein level in the diet on animal performance, feed conversion ratio and N utilization, in early-weaned lot-fed calves. Four iso-energetic rations were formulated (me: 12.0 MJ/kg dm) differing in the crude protein content (cp: 12%, 15%, 17% and 21%, dm basis), and offered in a random experimental design to 24 Hereford calves (107.2 ± 21.5 kg). Animals were individually housed and fed ad libitum twice a day for 84 days. Increasing cp levels in the diet promoted a quadratic response (P&lt;0.01) for dry matter intake (kg/d) and liveweight gain (lwg, kg/d), with maximum lwg of 1.36 kg/d for cp= 17.5%, without differences in subcutaneous back fat thickness (3.70 ± 0.73 mm, P = 0.25) or feed conversion ratio (4.44 ± 0.26, P&gt; 0.10). As cp increased in the diet, N consumption increased quadratically (P &lt;0.01), and an improvement was observed for cp (P = 0.053) and ndf (P = 0.020) apparent digestibility. Daily excretion of N in feces tended to decrease (P = 0.06), while urea-N concentration both in blood (P = 0.013) and urine (P = 0.046) increased. These results show that a level of 17% cp in the diet would optimize the performance of lot-fed early-weaned beef calves while controlling the excretion of N to the environment.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto del nivel de proteína bruta en la dieta sobre el crecimiento, eficiencia de conversión del alimento y utilización del N en terneros de destete precoz alimentados en confinamiento. Fueron formuladas cuatro raciones isoenergéticas (me: 12,0 MJ/ kg ms), difiriendo en el contenido de proteína bruta (pb: 12 %, 15 %, 17 % y 21 % de la ms), y ofrecidas en un diseño completamente aleatorizado a 24 terneros Hereford (107,2 ± 21,5 kg). Los animales fueron estabulados individualmente y alimentados ad libitum en dos comidas diarias durante 84 días. El consumo de materia seca (kg/d) y la ganancia de peso vivo (gp, kg/d) aumentaron en forma cuadrática (P&lt;0,01) al incrementarse el contenido de pb, registrándose gp máximas de 1,36 kg/d para PB= 17,5 %, sin diferencias en el espesor de grasa dorsal (3,70 ± 0,73 mm, P=0,25) ni en el índice de conversión (4,44 ± 0,26; P&gt;0,10). Conforme aumentó la pb en la dieta, el consumo de N aumentó de forma cuadrática (P&lt;0,01), y mejoró la digestibilidad aparente de la pb (P=0,053) y la fdn (P=0,020). La excreción diaria de N en heces tendió a disminuir (P= 0,06), mientras que la concentración de N ureico en sangre (P=0,013) y en orina (P=0,046) aumentó en ambos casos. Los resultados demostraron que un nivel de 17 % de pb en la dieta optimizaría la performance de terneros destetados precozmente a corral, simultáneamente controlando la excreción de N al ambiente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: No presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito do nível de proteína bruta na dieta sobre o crescimento, a eficiência da conversão alimentar e a utilização de N em bezerros confinados ao desmame precoce. Quatro rações isoenergéticas foram formuladas (ME: 12,0 MJ / kg de MS) diferindo no teor de proteína bruta (PB: 12%, 15%, 17% e 21% de MS) e oferecidas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado a 24 bezerros Hereford (107,2 ± 21,5 kg). Os animais foram alojados individualmente e alimentados ad libitum em 2 refeições diárias durante 84 dias. O consumo de matéria seca (kg / d) e o ganho de peso vivo (GP, kg / d) aumentaram quadraticamente (P &lt;0,01) com o aumento do teor de PB, registrando GP máximo de 1,36 kg / d para PB = 17,5%, sem diferenças na espessura da gordura dorsal (3,70 ± 0,73 mm, P = 0,25) ou no índice de conversão (4,44 ± 0,26; P&gt; 0,10). Com o aumento da PB na dieta, o consumo de N aumentou quadraticamente (P &lt;0,01), e a digestibilidade aparente da PB (P = 0,053) e da FDN (P = 0,020) melhorou. A excreção diária de N nas fezes tendeu a diminuir (P = 0,06), enquanto a concentração de N da uréia no sangue (P = 0,013) e na urina (P = 0,046) aumentou em ambos os casos. Os resultados mostraram que um nível de PB de 17% na dieta otimizaria o desempenho de bezerros desmamados precocemente no confinamento, controlando simultaneamente a excreção de N para o ambiente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[calves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early weaning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[N utilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terneros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[destete precoz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consumo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[utilización de N]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bezerros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desmame precoce]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crescimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[consumo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[uso de N]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early weaning: an efficient and effective technological alternative for calf rearing in grassland cattle systems in Latin America.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuban J Agri Sci.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wettemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional influences on reproduction of beef cows]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seminario de Actualización Técnica: Cría vacuna]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>247-64</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hemisferio Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wettemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of early weaning calves from first-calf heifers on calf and heifer performance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1193-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manejo nutritivo de los rodeos de cría en pastoreo]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hemisferio Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del efecto del destete temporario sobre el crecimiento y comportamiento del ternero al pie de la vaca]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>96p</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo (UY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaizola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del uso del creep feeding sobre el comportamiento y desarrollo de los terneros]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo (UY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Destete precoz en ganado de carne]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hemisferio Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Widmaier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto del nivel de suplementación en pasturas sobre la ganancia de peso de terneros destetados precozmente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Arg Prod Anim]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>^sSupl. 1</numero>
<issue>^sSupl. 1</issue>
<supplement>Supl. 1</supplement>
<page-range>60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caorsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamarca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Destete precoz a corral: ¿una nueva herramienta para una nueva cría?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Una nueva cría, un nuevo engorde, una nueva ganadería. 14 Jornada anual de la Unidad de Producción Intensiva de Carne; 2012; Paysandú, Uruguay]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>14-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paysandú (UY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UPIC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternativas tecnológicas para la nueva cría y su impacto en el resultado físico y económico de los sistemas de producción criadores.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Una nueva cría, un nuevo engorde, una nueva ganadería. 14 Jornada anual de la Unidad de Producción Intensiva de Carne; 2012; Paysandú, Uruguay.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>38-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paysandú (UY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UPIC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Research Council</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrient requirements of beef cattle]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<edition>7th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menezes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadares Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa e Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MVC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JMV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Detmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FAS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rennó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does a reduction in dietary crude protein content affect performance, nutrient requirements, nitrogen losses, and methane emissions in finishing Nellore bulls?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agric Ecosyst Environ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>223</volume>
<page-range>239-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Church]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Rumiante: fisiología digestiva y nutrición]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Zaragoza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Acribia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrient requirements of beef cattle]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>8th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The National Academies Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bateman II]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholotterbeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crude protein for diets fed to weaned dairy calves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prof Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>596-603</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macleod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition of the weaned Holstein calf II: effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen balance, digestibility and feed intake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>945-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellwig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCormick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of diet protein level on weight gains of early weaned beef calves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>687-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascoal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eifert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nível de proteína bruta para bezerros de corte desmamados a os 66 dias de idade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Zootec]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1537-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines for uniform beef improvement programs]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>9th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Prairie (MS) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Beef Improvement Federation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lascano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zorrilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wernli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recomendaciones sobre metodología para la medición de consumo y digestibilidad in vivo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrición de rumiantes]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>159-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José (CR) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IICA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadares Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Balanço de nitrogênio em fêmeas leiteiras em confinamento alimentadas com concentrado à base de farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Zootec]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1135-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Official methods of analysis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<edition>19th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gaithersburg (MD) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AOAC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Soest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forage fibre analyses: apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[USDA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinneen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russek-Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>879-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akayezu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otterby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of calf starters containing different amounts of crude protein for growth of Holstein calves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1882-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadares Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para bovinos de corte: consumo, digestibilidade total e desempenho produtivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Zootec]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>711-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La Manna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mieres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banchero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de diferentes niveles de proteína y sustitución de proteína verdadera por nitrógeno no proteico (urea) en la performance y desarrollo de terneros cruza Hereford x Angus y su impacto posterior en la recría]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prodcción de carne desde una invernada de precisión]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>23-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obeid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadares Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IPC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para bovinos de corte: consumo, digestibilidade e desempenho produtivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Zootec]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2434-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleghorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galyean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of crude protein concentration and degradability on performance, carcass characteristics, and serum urea nitrogen concentrations in finishing beef steers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2705-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galyean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Traditional and alternative sources of fiber: roughage values, effectiveness, and levels in starting and finishing diets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prof Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>571-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Defoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galyean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleghorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of phase-feeding of crude protein on performance, carcass characteristics, serum urea nitrogen concentration, and manure nitrogen of finishing beef steers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>3421-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldrip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction of nitrogen excretion by beef cattle: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>4290-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Marco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ON]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Afecta el exceso de amonio ruminal el gasto energético de rumiantes?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engormix]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLennant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protein and energy utilization by ruminants at pasture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>278-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubeski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors that alter the growth and development of ruminants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3138-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKeith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VandeHaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drackley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1454-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donnelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of dietary protein and energy on the growth of Friesian bull calves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Z J Agric Res]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>409-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
