<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2301-1513</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de Investigación en Arquitectura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[An. Investig. Arquit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2301-1513</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad ORT Uruguay]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2301-15132024000101205</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18861/ania.2024.14.1.3819</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From Dictatorship to Democracy: Venezuela&#8217;s Rural Development Policies before and after Agrarian Reform]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De la dictadura a la democracia: Políticas de desarrollo rural en Venezuela antes y después de la reforma agraria]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Da Ditadura à Democracia: Políticas de desenvolvimento rural da Venezuela antes e depois da reforma agraria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Delft University of Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In December 1961, Venezuela signed a technical cooperation agreement with the State of Israel in the context of its agrarian reform. As a result, a group of Israeli experts provided assistance for several years in a series of regional projects and in building local expertise in rural development. Their involvement helped Venezuela&#8217;s agrarian reform quickly gain momentum; however, it would be a mistake to believe that this achievement was solely due to the Israeli contribution. By highlighting the differences and continuities in some official policies concerning rural development in Venezuela before and after the passing of the Agrarian Reform Law of 1960, this paper will demonstrate that while Venezuelan democracy wanted to make a clean break from the past and promoted important structural changes that provided a greater degree of spatial and social justice in the countryside, there were also many continuity elements involving previous rural development policies. The technical expertise that made the agrarian reform possible, as well as the set of ideas and ideals that propelled its implementation, were built in part on a succession of previous experiences that paved the way for what was to come.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En diciembre de 1961, Venezuela firmó un acuerdo de cooperación técnica con el Estado de Israel en el contexto de su reforma agraria. Como resultado, un grupo de expertos israelíes proporcionó asistencia durante varios años en una serie de proyectos regionales y en la creación de experticia local en desarrollo rural. Su participación ayudó a que la reforma agraria de Venezuela cobrara impulso rápidamente; sin embargo, sería un error creer que este logro se debió únicamente a la contribución israelí. Al poner de relieve las diferencias y continuidades de algunas políticas oficiales relativas al desarrollo rural en Venezuela antes y después de la aprobación de la Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1960, este documento demostrará que, si bien la democracia venezolana quiso romper con el pasado y promovió importantes cambios estructurales que proporcionaron un mayor grado de justicia espacial y social en el campo, también hubo muchos elementos de continuidad en las políticas de desarrollo rural anteriores. La experiencia técnica que hizo posible la reforma agraria, así como el conjunto de ideas e ideales que impulsaron su implementación, se construyeron en parte sobre una sucesión de experiencias previas que prepararon el camino para lo que vendría.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Em dezembro de 1961, a Venezuela assinou um acordo de cooperação técnica com o Estado de Israel no contexto de sua reforma agrária. Como resultado, um grupo de especialistas israelenses prestou assistência por vários anos em uma série de projetos regionais e na construção de conhecimento local em desenvolvimento rural. Seu envolvimento ajudou a iniciativa de reforma agrária da Venezuela a ganhar impulso rapidamente; no entanto, seria um erro acreditar que essa conquista se deveu exclusivamente à contribuição israelense. Ao destacar as diferenças e as continuidades em algumas políticas oficiais relativas ao desenvolvimento rural na Venezuela antes e depois da aprovação da Lei de Reforma Agrária de 1960, este artigo demonstrará que, embora a democracia venezuelana quisesse romper com o passado e promover mudanças estruturais importantes que proporcionaram um maior grau de justiça espacial e social no campo, também havia muitos elementos de continuidade envolvendo políticas de desenvolvimento rural anteriores. O conhecimento técnico que possibilitou a reforma agrária, bem como o conjunto de ideias e ideais que impulsionaram sua implementação, foram construídos, em parte, com base em uma sucessão de experiências anteriores que prepararam o caminho para o que estava por vir.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rural development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rural planning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colonization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Land reform]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo rural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Planificación rural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colonización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reforma de la tierra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desenvolvimento rural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Planejamento rural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colonização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Reforma agrária]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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