<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-9339</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odontoestomatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odontoestomatología]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-9339</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-93392016000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aceites Esenciales: Una opción quimioterapéutica en Periodoncia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Essential-oils: a Chemotherapeutic Option in Periodontics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magdalena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno Rossy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Alexandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="AF1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República Facultad de Odontología Cátedra de Periodoncia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>28</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-93392016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-93392016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-93392016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Las enfermedades periodontales representan un conjunto de patologías que afectan los tejidos de soporte dentario. La remoción del biofilm diaria y efectiva es suficiente para prevenirlas. La dificultad de los individuos en desarrollar hábitos de higiene oral adecuados valiéndose solamente de elementos mecánicos llevó al desarrollo de coadyuvantes químicos con el objetivo de maximizar el control del biofilm por el paciente. Los aceites esenciales son eficaces y superiores en el control de la placa supragingival y la inflamación en comparación con placebo y cloruro de cetilpiridinio. Sin embargo, fueron similares en el control de la inflamación e inferiores en el control de placa en comparación con la clorhexidina, generando menos efectos adversos. La evidencia sugiere que para el cuidado oral a corto plazo la clorhexidina es la primera opción y que los aceites esenciales muestran utilidad al ser indicados a largo plazo cuando el cuidado oral antiinflamatorio sea beneficioso]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Periodontal diseases are a group of pathologies that affect the tissues that support teeth. The efficient control of daily oral biofilm can prevent these diseases. Most individuals have difficulty in developing good oral hygiene habits and use only mechanical elements. This has led to the development of chemical adjuvants so that patients can maximize biofilm control. Essential oils (EOs) are effective and more efficient at controlling supragingival plaque and inflammation compared to a placebo and to cetylpyridinium chloride. Nevertheless, EOs were similar in their anti-inflammatory effectiveness and less efficient in plaque control than chlorhexidine, causing fewer adverse effects. Current evidence suggests that chlorhexidine remains the first choice for short-term oral health care and that essential-oils are best indicated for long-term treatments.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades periodontales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[periodontal diseases]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="Marco-de-texto-b-sico"> 			     <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x003-titulos"><font size="+1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Aceites Esenciales: Una opci&oacute;n quimioterap&eacute;utica en Periodoncia</span></font></p>          			     <p class="x0003-titulo-ingles"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Essential-oils: a Chemotherapeutic Option in Periodontics</span></font></p>          			 <font size="-1"><span style="font-style: italic;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Asquino Natalia<a href="#1.">*</a>, Garc&iacute;a Ma. Victoria<a href="#2.">**</a>, Mayol Magdalena<a href="#1.">*</a>,     <br>         Andrade Ernesto<a href="#2.">**</a>, Bueno Rossy Luis Alexandro<a href="#3.">***</a></span><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-14"></span></font>  		</div>          		     <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="x0001-marcos-"> 			     <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><font size="-1"></font></p>            <p class="pies"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo" xml:lang="en-US"><a name="1."></a>* 	Ayudante de clase,</span><span class="Hiperv-nculo" xml:lang="ar-SA"> C&aacute;tedra de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontolog&iacute;a, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica. Uruguay.</span></font></p>            <p class="pies"><font size="-1"><a href="mailto:natalia.asquino@gmail.com">natalia.asquino@gmail.com</a></font></p>          			     <p class="pies"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo" xml:lang="ar-SA"><a name="2."></a>** 	Asistente Tit. C&aacute;tedra de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontolog&iacute;a, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica. Uruguay.</span></font></p>          			 <font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo" xml:lang="ar-SA"><a name="3."></a>*** Prof. Tit. C&aacute;tedra de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontolog&iacute;a, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica. Uruguay. Director Especialidad en Periodoncia, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Uruguay. Especialista en Implantolog&iacute;a, Universidad de Guarulhos, Brasil.</span></font>     <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><font size="-1"></font></p>        <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><font size="-1"></font></p>            <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><font size="-1">Resumen</font></p>          			     <p class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Las enfermedades periodontales representan un conjunto de patolog&iacute;as que afectan los tejidos de soporte dentario. La remoci&oacute;n del biofilm diaria y efectiva es suficiente para prevenirlas. La dificultad de los individuos en desarrollar h&aacute;bitos de higiene oral adecuados vali&eacute;ndose solamente de elementos mec&aacute;nicos llev&oacute; al desarrollo de coadyuvantes qu&iacute;micos con el objetivo de maximizar el control del biofilm por el paciente. Los aceites esenciales son eficaces y superiores en el control de la placa supragingival y la inflamaci&oacute;n en comparaci&oacute;n con placebo y cloruro de cetilpiridinio. Sin embargo, fueron similares en el control de la inflamaci&oacute;n e inferiores en el control de placa en comparaci&oacute;n con la clorhexidina, generando menos efectos adversos. La evidencia sugiere que para el cuidado oral a corto plazo la clorhexidina es la primera opci&oacute;n y que los aceites esenciales muestran utilidad al ser indicados a largo plazo cuando el cuidado oral antiinflamatorio sea beneficioso. </span><span class="char-style-override-15"></span></font></p>          		</div>          		   		   		     <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="x0001-marcos-"> 			     <p class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-16">Palabras claves: </span><span class="Hiperv-nculo">enfermedades periodontales/quimioterapia</span></font></p>          		</div>          		     <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="Marco-de-texto-b-sico"> 			     <p class="x001-texto para-style-override-14"><font size="-1">    <br>      </font>  </p>          		</div>          		     <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="x0001-marcos-"> 			     <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="x002-sub-titulos para-style-override-1"><font size="-1">Abstract</font></p>          			     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="x001-texto para-style-override-1"><font size="-1">Periodontal diseases are a group of pathologies that affect the tissues that support teeth. The efficient control of daily oral biofilm can prevent these diseases. Most individuals have difficulty in developing good oral hygiene habits and use only mechanical elements. This has led to the development of chemical adjuvants so that patients can maximize biofilm control. Essential oils (EOs) are effective and more efficient at controlling supragingival plaque and inflammation compared to a placebo and to cetylpyridinium chloride. Nevertheless, EOs were similar in their anti-inflammatory effectiveness and less efficient in plaque control than chlorhexidine, causing fewer adverse effects. Current evidence suggests that chlorhexidine remains the first choice for short-term oral health care and that essential-oils are best indicated for long-term treatments.<span class="char-style-override-15"></span></font></p>          		</div>          		     <div style="font-family: Arial;" class="x0001-marcos-"> 			     <p class="x001-texto para-style-override-1"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-16">Keywords:</span><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-15"> </span><span class="Hiperv-nculo">periodontal diseases/chemotherapy</span></font></p>            <p class="x001-texto para-style-override-1"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo"></span></font></p>            <p class="x001-texto para-style-override-1"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo"></span></font></p>        <font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-11">Fecha de recibido: 19.09.15 &ndash; Fecha de aceptado: 10.08.16    <br>            <br>        </span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-11"></span><span class="Hiperv-nculo" xml:lang="ar-SA"></span></font></div>          		  			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Introducci&oacute;n</span></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Las enfermedades periodontales representan un conjunto de patolog&iacute;as que afectan los tejidos de soporte dentario. Las enfermedades gingivales comprometen exclusivamente el periodonto marginal, mientras que si afectan tambi&eacute;n el periodonto de inserci&oacute;n se denominan Periodontitis. En ellas la p&eacute;rdida de inserci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica, bolsas patol&oacute;gicas y reabsorci&oacute;n &oacute;sea son signos caracter&iacute;sticos; la ausencia de tratamiento puede conducir a la p&eacute;rdida dentaria <a name="1a"></a><a href="#1">(1)</a>. Son de elevada </span><span class="Hiperv-nculo">prevalencia en adultos y en clases sociales m&aacute;s bajas <a name="2a"></a><a href="#2">(2</a>-<a name="5a"></a><a href="#5">5)</a>, representan uno de los principales problemas de salud p&uacute;blica en la actualidad <a name="6a"></a><a href="#6">(6)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Son un conjunto de patolog&iacute;as heterog&eacute;neas en su manifestaci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica ya que diagn&oacute;sticos semejantes pueden presentar afectaci&oacute;n furcal, con recesi&oacute;n gingival, movilidad, complicaci&oacute;n mucogingival, etc. Difieren en su etiolog&iacute;a, historia natural y respuesta a la terapia, pero comparten una cadena de eventos en su patogenia; los cuales pueden ser modificados por factores gen&eacute;ticos y/o por factores de riesgo <a name="7a"></a><a href="#7">(7)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">El biofilm dental y sus sub-productos son considerados el factor desencadenante de las enfermedades periodontales. La asociaci&oacute;n entre este y la prevalencia y severidad de estas patolog&iacute;as est&aacute; bien establecida <a name="8a"></a><a href="#8">(8)</a>. Estudios longitudinales han demostrado que estos cuadros pueden ser exitosamente tratados mediante la remoci&oacute;n de los dep&oacute;sitos bacterianos, el c&aacute;lculo y la instrucci&oacute;n de higiene oral <a name="9a"></a><a href="#9">(9</a>,<a name="10a"></a><a href="#10">10)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">El control del biofilm oral en forma diaria, regular y correcta es suficiente para prevenir la enfermedad gingival <a name="11a"></a><a href="#11">(11)</a>. Por asociaci&oacute;n, la supresi&oacute;n de la misma ser&iacute;a la forma m&aacute;s eficaz de prevenir la Periodontitis. Sin embargo, diversos estudios demuestran la dificultad de las personas en desarrollar h&aacute;bitos de higiene oral adecuados vali&eacute;ndose &uacute;nicamente de elementos mec&aacute;nicos <a name="12a"></a><a href="#12">(12</a>-<a name="15a"></a><a href="#15">15)</a>. Surge as&iacute; la necesidad de complementar la eliminaci&oacute;n por medios mec&aacute;nicos de la placa microbiana con coadyuvantes qu&iacute;micos (quimioter&aacute;picos) <a href="#15">(15</a>,<a name="16a"></a><a href="#16">16)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Idealmente, el tratamiento periodontal tiene como objetivo reducir las especies periodontopat&oacute;genas responsables de las enfermedades periodontales y mantenerlas en umbrales reducidos <a name="17a"></a><a href="#17">(17)</a>. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento del componente infeccioso se logra mediante la disminuci&oacute;n de la carga microbiana y/o la alteraci&oacute;n del h&aacute;bitat subgingival <a href="#17">(17)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Las f&oacute;rmulas de colutorios quimioterap&eacute;uticos actualmente disponibles contienen: Triclos&aacute;n/Copol&iacute;mero, Cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CCP), Digluconato de Clorhexidina (CHX) o una combinaci&oacute;n fija de aceites esenciales como ingredientes activos.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x0002-sub-sub-titulo"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Naturaleza de los Aceites Esenciales</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Los Aceites Esenciales (AE) son compuestos org&aacute;nicos con distintos constituyentes extra&iacute;dos de vegetales por procesos espec&iacute;ficos. La f&oacute;rmula incluye cuatro ingredientes activos: Eucaliptol 0.092%, Mentol 0.042%, Metil Salicilato 0.060%, Timol 0.064% <a name="18a"></a><a href="#18">(18)</a>. </span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x0002-sub-sub-titulo"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Mecanismo de Acci&oacute;n</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Los AE han demostrado ser eficaces en el control de inflamaci&oacute;n y el biofilm supragingival, siendo seguros para la utilizaci&oacute;n por los pacientes <a name="19a"></a><a href="#19">(19</a>-<a name="21a"></a><a href="#21">21)</a>. Tienen la capacidad de romper la pared celular de ciertos microorganismos y suprimir su actividad enzim&aacute;tica <a name="22a"></a><a href="#22">(22)</a>. Adem&aacute;s pueden inhibir las endotoxinas de pat&oacute;genos Gram-negativos <a name="23a"></a><a href="#23">(23)</a>. Estudios in vitro e in vivo han demostrado la capacidad de los AE para penetrar en la biopel&iacute;cula dental y ejercer un efecto bactericida <a name="24a"></a><a href="#24">(24</a>,<a name="25a"></a><a href="#25">25)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x0002-sub-sub-titulo"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Efecto Antiinflamatorio y Antiplaca</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Los compuestos fen&oacute;licos tienen actividad antiinflamatoria e inhibidora de la producci&oacute;n de prostaglandinas, act&uacute;an como recolectores de los radicales libres de ox&iacute;geno afectando la actividad de los leucocitos. Estudios con c&eacute;lulas animales muestran que los compuestos fen&oacute;licos com&uacute;nmente utilizados en estas formulaciones qu&iacute;micas (timol, mentol, eucaliptol) determinaron que existe inhibici&oacute;n de la quimiotaxis de los neutr&oacute;filos y de la s&iacute;ntesis de super&oacute;xidos por parte de dichas c&eacute;lulas (dosis dependiente), as&iacute; como eliminaci&oacute;n o secuestro de los radicales libres liberados e inhibici&oacute;n de prostaglandinas. Estos compuestos arom&aacute;ticos presentan grupo hidroxilo libre responsable de la respuesta antiinflamatoria anteriormente descripta <a name="26a"></a><a href="#26">(26</a>,<a name="27a"></a><a href="#27">27)</a>. </span></font></p>          			     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-17"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Aceites Esenciales versus placebo</span>:</span><span class="Hiperv-nculo"> Un enjuagatorio con AE en base alcoh&oacute;lica ha sido utilizado como quimioterap&eacute;utico demostrando reducciones cl&iacute;nicas relevantes de placa supragingival y de inflamaci&oacute;n tanto en estudios a corto <a name="28a"></a><a href="#28">(28)</a> como a largo plazo <a name="29a"></a><a href="#29">(29)</a>. </span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">En un ensayo cl&iacute;nico controlado, randomizado de 6 meses de duraci&oacute;n los enjuagatorios de AE han permitido una reducci&oacute;n de hasta 70% de biofilm oral y hasta un 36% m&aacute;s de reducci&oacute;n de la Gingivitis comparados con un grupo control (soluci&oacute;n hidroalcoh&oacute;lica 5%) en sujetos con niveles de placa e inflamaci&oacute;n leve a moderada (P&lt;0.001)<a name="30a"></a><a href="#30">(30)</a> . As&iacute; mismo, en modelos de 15 d&iacute;as de duraci&oacute;n, los colutorios con AE evidenciaron hasta un 21% m&aacute;s de reducci&oacute;n de biofilm oral (P&lt;0.001) y hasta un 12 % m&aacute;s de reducci&oacute;n de inflamaci&oacute;n que el grupo control (soluci&oacute;n hidroalcoh&oacute;lica 5%) en sujetos con Enfermedad Gingival leve o moderada (P&lt;0.001) <a name="31a"></a><a href="#31">(31)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Enjuagatorio de AE libre de alcohol: En un ensayo cl&iacute;nico de 15 d&iacute;as de evoluci&oacute;n, el grupo correspondiente al producto prueba demostr&oacute; un promedio de &iacute;ndice de placa (IP) menor que el grupo control con un 23,9% de reducci&oacute;n (P&lt;0.001). Por otro lado, cuando la variable dependiente fue el &Iacute;ndice Gingival Modificado (IGM) la reducci&oacute;n alcanz&oacute; 10,4%. Para la variable de eficacia secundaria &Iacute;ndice de Sangrado Gingival (ISG) hubo un 53,8% de reducci&oacute;n del grupo control en la proporci&oacute;n de sitios sangrantes (p&lt;0.001) <a name="32a"></a><a href="#32">(32)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">El enjuagatorio con AE libre de alcohol redujo significativamente la placa microbiana (31.6%) y la inflamaci&oacute;n gingival (24%) en comparaci&oacute;n con un control negativo <a name="33a"></a><a href="#33">(33)</a> a 6 meses de evaluaci&oacute;n (P&lt;0.001).</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-17"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Aceites Esenciales versus Clorhexidina (CHX)</span>:</span><span class="Hiperv-nculo"> En una reciente revisi&oacute;n sistem&aacute;tica, los AE fueron considerados una alternativa a la CHX en el control de las enfermedades gingivales.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Los colutorios con CHX fueron m&aacute;s efectivos con respecto a los valores de placa microbiana pero no se demostr&oacute; una diferencia similar con respecto a la inflamaci&oacute;n gingival. La explicaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s probable es que el enjuague bucal con CHX act&uacute;a a trav&eacute;s de un efecto antiplaca mientras que los AE lo hacen a trav&eacute;s de un efecto antiinflamatorio directo. La clorhexidina es significativamente superior en la reducci&oacute;n de los dep&oacute;sitos bacterianos al ser comparada con los AE, no as&iacute; en la reducci&oacute;n de la inflamaci&oacute;n gingival a largo plazo. Los efectos secundarios (manchas y c&aacute;lculo) fueron mayores en los usuarios de CHX en comparaci&oacute;n con los AE <a name="34a"></a><a href="#34">(34)</a>. </span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo char-style-override-17">Aceites Esenciales versus Cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CCP):</span><span class="Hiperv-nculo"> Estudios a largo plazo mostraron que en el grupo que utiliz&oacute; AE la reducci&oacute;n del &iacute;ndice de placa fue de 56,2% mayor que el grupo tratado con CCP al 0.05% (P&lt;0.001). Con respecto al IGM los cambios indicaron un 32,4% m&aacute;s de reducci&oacute;n en comparaci&oacute;n con el grupo CCP (P&lt;0.001) <a href="#30">(30</a>, <a href="#33">33)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Una formulaci&oacute;n de AE con cloruro de zinc (como agente antic&aacute;lculo), fluoruro de sodio y fosfato acidulado (para el control de caries) fue comparado con un control negativo y un enjuague en base a CCP. Al cabo de 3 meses de estudio, el enjuagatorio a base de AE fue superior en la reducci&oacute;n del biofilm al ser comparado con el control negativo y el CCP, resultados que se mantuvieron hasta los 6 meses. Tanto en relaci&oacute;n a la placa microbiana como a la inflamaci&oacute;n, a los 3 y 6 meses, el enjuagatorio con AE fue superior que el control negativo y que el CCP. <a href="#18">(18)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x0002-sub-sub-titulo"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Aceites Esenciales y C&aacute;ncer Oral</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">La asociaci&oacute;n entre los colutorios a base de AE y el riesgo a desarrollar c&aacute;ncer oral ha sido fuente de controversias por d&eacute;cadas a partir de las observaciones iniciales de Weaver et al. <a name="35a"></a><a href="#35">(35)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">El consumo de alcohol diario (etanol) ha demostrado ser factor de riesgo de c&aacute;ncer oral.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">El etanol est&aacute; presente en cierto n&uacute;mero de enjuagatorios en concentraciones que oscilan entre 5% y 27% del volumen. Su incorporaci&oacute;n permite mejorar la solubilidad, estabilizaci&oacute;n y la preservaci&oacute;n del producto, modificando el sabor y aumentando las propiedades antiplaca. En una concentraci&oacute;n de 18% &ndash; 27% potencia el efecto antibacteriano de los aceites esenciales (alta penetraci&oacute;n alcanzada en 30 segundos) <a name="36a"></a><a href="#36">(36)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Al d&iacute;a de hoy no es posible concluir una asociaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;sticamente significativa entre el uso de enjuagatorios con alcohol y el riesgo de c&aacute;ncer oral y tampoco hay una tendencia significativa al riesgo aumentando con el uso diario, ya que en su mayor&iacute;a la evidencia es de naturaleza retrospectiva.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x0002-sub-sub-titulo"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Indicaciones</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Hass y col <a name="41a"></a><a href="#41">(41)</a> condujeron una revisi&oacute;n sistem&aacute;tica acerca de la efectividad en el control de biofilm e inflamaci&oacute;n gingival en pacientes portadores de aparatolog&iacute;a ortod&oacute;ntica. Los autores concluyen que al cabo de 6 meses existi&oacute; una reducci&oacute;n de hasta un 50% en los niveles de placa y gingivitis en dichos pacientes cuando fueron utilizados como coadyuvante de la terapia mec&aacute;nica. Para los caso de terapia con implantes, el uso sistem&aacute;tico dos veces al d&iacute;a de aceites esenciales con un tiempo de seguimiento de 3 meses redujo significativamente los porcentajes de placa e inflamaci&oacute;n tisular al ser comparado con el placebo (soluci&oacute;n hidroalcoh&oacute;lica) <a name="42a"></a><a href="#42">(42)</a>. Los pacientes que se encuentran en terapia de mantenimiento periodontal tambi&eacute;n se ver&iacute;an beneficiados mediante el uso de este enjuague como coadyuvante a la terapia mec&aacute;nica <a href="#34">(34)</a>.</span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Conclusiones</span></p>          			     <p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto"><font size="-1"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">La clorhexidina es el agente antiplaca m&aacute;s efectivo, siendo a corto plazo la primera opci&oacute;n terap&eacute;utica. Considerando sus efectos adversos observados, los enjuagatorios con aceites esenciales parecen ser una alternativa confiable para uso a largo plazo. </span></font></p>          			     <p style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;" class="x002-sub-titulos"><span class="Hiperv-nculo">Referencias</span></p>          			 <font size="-1"><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="1"></a><a href="#1a">1</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol Am Acad Periodontol. 1999; 79:1&ndash;6.     <br>            <br>        </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="2"></a><a href="#2a">2</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Albandar JM, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol. 1999; 70:13&ndash;29. </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    ]]></body>
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Acta Odontol Scand. 2005; 63(2):85&ndash;93.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="5"></a><a href="#5a">5</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Haas AN, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, R&ouml;sing CK, Albandar JM SC. Pattern and rate of progression of periodontal attachment loss in an urban population of South Brazil: a 5-years population-based prospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 2012; 39(1):1&ndash;9. </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="6"></a><a href="#6a">6</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Tonetti MS, Chapple ILC. Biological approaches to the development of novel periodontal therapies--consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2011; 114&ndash;8. </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="7"></a><a href="#7a">7</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14:216&ndash;48.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <!-- ref --><br>        <a name="8"></a><a href="#8a">8</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Moore WE, Holdeman LV, Smibert RM, Cato EP, Burmeister JA, Palcanis KG, et al Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in youngadult humans. Infect Immun 1982; 38:651-67.    </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="9"></a><a href="#9a">9</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Claffey, N., Loos, B., Gantes, B., Martin, M., Heins, P. &amp; Egelberg. The relative effects of therapyand periodontal disease on loss of probing attachment after root debridment. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15:163&ndash;69.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="10"></a><a href="#10a">10</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">van der Weijden, G. A. &amp; Timmerman, M. F.A systematic review on the clinical efficacy of subgingivaldebridement in the treatment of chronicperiodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 29:(3) 55&ndash;71.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <!-- ref --><br>        <a name="11"></a><a href="#11a">11</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">L&ouml;e H, Theilade E JB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 1965; 36:177-87 </span><br style="font-family: Arial;    ">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="12"></a><a href="#12a">12</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Lang NP, Cumming BR LH. Toothbrushing frequency as it relates to plaque development and gingival health. J Periodontol. 1973; 44(7): 396&ndash;405.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="13"></a><a href="#12a">13</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Hioe KPKJ, Van Der Weijden GA. The effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan containing dentifrices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005; 3:192&ndash;204. </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="14"></a><a href="#15a">14</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Villoria GEM, Primo LG, Serra-Negra JM, Ferreira EF e, et al. Proposal for the teaching of the chemical control of supragingival biofilm. Braz Oral <a id="x.79202">Res. 2010; 24:(1)33&ndash;6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242010000500006</a></span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"></span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-19" xml:lang="en-US"></span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"></span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <a style="font-family: Arial;" name="15"></a><a style="font-family: Arial;" href="#15a">15</a><span style="font-family: Arial;">.Rode SDM, Gimenez X, Montoya VC, G&oacute;mez M, Blanc SL De, Medina M, et al. Daily biofilm control and oral health: consensus on the epidemiological challenge - Latin American Advisory Panel. Braz Oral Res. 2012; 26(1):133&ndash;43. </span><a style="font-family: Arial;" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242012000700020" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242012000700020</a><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="16"></a><a href="#16a">16</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Johnson NW. Hygiene and health: the value of antiplaque agents in promoting oral health. Int Dent J. 1993; 43:375&ndash;86.     <br>        </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="17"></a><a href="#17a">17</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Teles RP, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbiological goals of periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2006: 180&ndash;218. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="18"></a><a href="#18a">18</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Wu M-M, Simmons K, Charles CA. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2012; 43:82&ndash;94. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>            <br>        <a name="19"></a><a href="#19a">19</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Overholser CD, Meiller TF, DePaola LG, Minah GE, Niehaus C. Comparative effects of 2 chemotherapeutic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1990; 17:575&ndash;9.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <!-- ref --><br>        <a name="20"></a><a href="#19a">20</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Sharma N, Charles CH, Lynch MC, Qaqish J, McGuire JA, Galustians JG, et al. Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004; 135(4):496-504.    </span><a style="font-family: Arial;" id="x.79208"><span class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        </span></a><a style="font-family: Arial;" name="21"></a><a style="font-family: Arial;" href="#21a">21</a><span style="font-family: Arial;">.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Stoeken J, Paraskevas S, Van der Weijden G. The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2007; 7(78):1218&ndash;28. </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="22"></a><a href="#22a">22</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Kubert D, Rubin M, Barnett ML, Vincent JW. Antiseptic mouthrinse-induced microbial cell surface alterations. Am J Dent. 1993; 6:277&ndash;9. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="23"></a><a href="#23a">23</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Fine DH, Furgang D, Lieb R, Korik I, Vincent JW, Barnett ML. Effects of sublethal exposure to an antiseptic mouthrinse on representative plaque bacteria. J Clin Periodontol. 1996; 23:444&ndash;51. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>        <a name="24"></a><a href="#24a">24</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Charles CH, Pan PC, Sturdivant L, Vincent JW. In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of an Essential Oil-Containing Mouthrinse on Interproximal Plaque Bacteria. J Clin Dent. 2000; 11:94&ndash;7. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>            <!-- ref --><br>        <a name="25"></a><a href="#25a">25</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Ouhayoun J-P. Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouthwash. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30(5):10&ndash;2.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"> <a name="26"></a><a href="#26a">26</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Dewhirst FE. Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase by phenolic compounds. Protaglandins 1980; 20:209-22.    </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <!-- ref --><br>        <a name="27"></a><a href="#27a">27</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Azuma Y, Ozasa N, Ueda Y, Takagi N. Pharmacological studies on the anti- inflammatory action of phenoliccompounds. J Dent Res 1986; 65:53-6.    </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="28"></a><a href="#28a">28</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Lusk S, Bowers G, Tow H, Watson W, Moffitt W. Effects of an oral rinse on experimental gingivitis plaque formation, and formed plaque. J Am Soc Prev Dent. 1974; 4(4):31&ndash;3. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="29"></a><a href="#29a">29</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Gunsolley JC. A meta-analysis of six-month studies of antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. J Am Dent Assoc&nbsp;2006; 137:1649&ndash;57.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>            <br>        <a name="30"></a><a href="#30a">30</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Sharma NC, Araujo MWB, Wu MM, Qaqish J, Charles CH. Superiority of an essential oil mouthrinse when compared with a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthrinse: a six-month study. Int Dent J. 2010; 60:175&ndash;80.     <br>            <!-- ref --><br>        </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="31"></a><a href="#31a">31</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo"></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">   Amini P, Araujo M, Wu M, Charles C, Sharma N. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptics mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial. Braz Oral Res. 2009; 23:319-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000300016 </span><br style="font-family: Arial;    ">      <br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="32"></a><a href="#32a">32</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Charles CA, Amini P, Gallob J, Shang H, McGuire JA, Costa R. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an alcohol-free essential-oil containing mouthrinse: A 2-week clinical trial. Am J Dent. 2012; 25:195&ndash;8. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="33"></a><a href="#33a">33</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Shang H, Mcguire JA, Charles CA. Long-term management of plaque and gingivitis using an alcohol-free essential oil containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Am J Dent. 2013; 26:149&ndash;55.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="34"></a><a href="#34a">34</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Van Leeuwen MPC, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2011; 82:174&ndash;94. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>        <a name="35"></a><a href="#35a">35</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Weaver A, Fleming SM, Smith DB. Mouthwash and oral cancer: carcinogen or coincidence? J Oral Surg. 1979; 37(4):250&ndash;3. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="36"></a><a href="#36a">36</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Gandini S, Negri E, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Boyle P. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk - Quantitative meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19:173&ndash;80. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="37"></a>37.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Elmore J, Horwitz R. Oral cancer and mouthwash use- evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 1995; 113(3):253&ndash;61.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="38"></a>38.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Shapiro S, Castellana J V, Sprafka JM. Alcohol-containing mouthwashes and oropharyngeal cancer: a spurious association due to underascertainment of confounders? Am J Epidemiol. 1996; 144:1091&ndash;5. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            <br>        <a name="39"></a>39.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Cole P, Rodu B, Mathisen A. Alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer: a review of the epidemiology. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003; 134:1079&ndash;87.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18">    <br>            ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><br>        <a name="40"></a>40.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Vecchia CL. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk: An update. Oral Oncology. 2009; 45:198&ndash;200.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">  				</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">      <br style="font-family: Arial;">      <span style="font-family: Arial;" class="char-style-override-18"><a name="41"></a><a href="#41a">41</a>.	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" class="Hiperv-nculo">Haas A, Mendes C, Andrade AK, Escobar EC, Almeida ER, Costa FO, Cortelli JR, Cortelli SV, Rode SM, Pedrazzi V, Oppermann RV. Mouthwashes for the control of supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients: evidence-based recommendations for clinicians. Braz Oral Res [en l&iacute;nea]. 2014; 28 (Spec Iss 1):1-8. Citado: abril 2016]. Disponible en: </span><a style="font-family: Arial;" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107-BOR-2014.vol28.0021"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107-BOR-2014.vol28.0021</span></a></font>                              				  				  				         				  				    				  				      				  				  				  				  				         		  		 			     <!-- ref --><p style="font-family: Arial;" class="x001-texto para-style-override-2"><font size="-1"><a name="42"></a><a href="#42a">42</a>. Ciancio F, Lauciello O, Shibly M. The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and perimplant gingival tissues. J Periodontol 1995; Nov: 965-65</font> ]]></body><back>
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