<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-499X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Urug. Cienc. Polít.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-499X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Ciencia Política.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-499X2024000101606</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26851/rucp.33.13</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Checks and Balances: Electoral Management Bodies as the Third Dimension of Accountability in Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pesos y contrapesos: órganos electorales como la tercera dimensión de la rendición de cuentas en América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Freios e contrapesos: órgãos eleitorais como a terceira dimensão da prestação de contas na América Latina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lembke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magnus]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nataly Viviana Vargas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Stockholm University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,DePaul University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-499X2024000101606&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-499X2024000101606&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-499X2024000101606&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The article focuses on the inclusion of the Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) as the Fourth Branch of Power in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. These bodies have powers to ensure an impartial electoral administration, but also to control and fight non-democratic practices exercised by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Our objective is to understand both their reciprocal oversight relationship with the traditional branches, and their place in the vertex where Horizontal and Vertical Accountability converge. We conclude that the EMBs execute the Third Dimension of Accountability; being highly important for rebuilding functional democracies they are under increasing attack by political powers. Our main contribution is to insert the EMBs in the theoretical discussions on Checks and Balances.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se aborda la inclusión de los órganos electorales en El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua como cuarto Poder. Estos órganos tienen competencias tanto para administrar imparcialmente las elecciones, como para controlar y luchar contra las prácticas no democráticas de los Poderes Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial. El objetivo es analizar su relación de control recíproco con los poderes tradicionales y su posicionamiento en el vértice en el que convergen la rendición de cuentas horizontal y vertical. Se concluye que los órganos electorales configuran la tercera dimensión de la rendición de cuentas; siendo cruciales para construir democracias funcionales son atacados por los poderes políticos. Nuestra principal contribución es insertar a los órganos electorales en las discusiones teóricas sobre pesos y contrapesos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: O artigo centra-se na inclusão dos Órgãos Eleitorais (EMBs) como o Quarto Poder em El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras e Nicarágua. Estes órgãos têm poderes para garantir uma administração eleitoral imparcial, mas também para controlar e combater práticas não democráticas exercidas pelos poderes executivo, legislativo e judiciário. O nosso objetivo é compreender tanto a sua relação recíproca de supervisão com os poderes tradicionais, como o seu lugar no vértice onde convergem a Prestação de Contas Horizontal e Vertical. Concluímos que os EMBs executam a Terceira Dimensão da Prestação de Contas; sendo importantes para a reconstrução de democracias funcionais, estão sob ataque por parte dos poderes políticos. Nossa principal contribuição é inserir os EMBs nas discussões teóricas sobre freios e contrapesos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Checks and Balances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electoral Management Bodies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vertical Accountability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Horizontal Accountability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pesos y contrapesos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[separación de poderes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[órganos electorales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[américa latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendición de cuentas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Freios e contrapesos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[separação de poderes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[órgãos eleitorais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[américa latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[prestação de contas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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