<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-4809</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria (Montevideo)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria (Montev.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-4809</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-48092021000101511</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29155/vet.57.215.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Características reproductivas, sanitarias y de manejo en establecimientos lecheros del Uruguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reproductive, health and management characteristics in dairy herds in Uruguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salaberry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ximena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cyntia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca. División de Laboratorios Veterinarios &#8220;Miguel C. Rubino&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ruta 8 Brig. Gral. J. A. Lavalleja Km. 17.500. Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca Dirección General de Servicios Ganaderos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República Facultad de Veterinaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>215</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-48092021000101511&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-48092021000101511&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-48092021000101511&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los problemas reproductivos y sanitarios representan una de las limitantes de mayor impacto productivo en los rodeos lecheros del Uruguay. Las alteraciones en los índices reproductivos pueden deberse a una amplia diversidad de causas, las cuales exigen un correcto diagnóstico. Actualmente los antecedentes de encuestas en el rubro lechero son proporcionados por la Oficina de Estadísticas Agropecuarias y el Instituto Nacional de Leche. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las prácticas de manejo, reproductivas y sanitarias en los establecimientos lecheros del Uruguay. Se diseñó un estudio transversal de los establecimientos lecheros del Uruguay. Se creó una encuesta la cual fue realizada en el año 2015. Fueron seleccionados 107 predios lecheros de acuerdo al tamaño de población bovina a partir de un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Las preguntas se enfocaron en características generales del predio, estrategias y características sanitarias, y estrategias y características reproductivas. La tasa de respuesta fue del 95,3 %. De los predios encuestados, el 95,6 ±1,8 % tenía asesoramiento veterinario. La técnica de inseminación artificial se utilizó en el 83,8 ±5,2 %. Un 59,9 ± 5,5 % de los predios realizaban diagnóstico de gestación. La tasa de preñez estimada fue del 79,5 ±1,5 %. La evaluación de los toros previo al servicio se realizó en el 49,0 ±7,6 % de los tambos. La principal causa de refugo fue por dentición. La utilización de vacunas como medida preventiva para enfermedades reproductivas se utilizó en el 56,6 ±5,4 % de los productores lecheros. El 58,7 ±6,7 % de los encuestados declaró no tener ningún antecedente de enfermedades reproductivas. La media de abortos vistos anualmente fue de 4,4 ±0,6. Las tasas de preñez no pudo asociarse a aspectos reproductivos y/o sanitarios. Se pudo determinar que el aspecto demográfico cumple un rol significativo en la elección de los aspectos reproductivos y de manejo en los establecimientos lecheros del Uruguay.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Ones of the most important limitations on dairy herd of Uruguay are the reproductive and health problems. Alterations on reproductive rates may be due to a wide variety of causes, which require a correct diagnosis. Currently in Uruguay, histories of surveys in dairy sector were provided by the &#8220;Oficina de Estadísticas Agropecuarias&#8221; and the &#8220;Instituto Nacional de Leche&#8221;. The aim of this study was to characterize the management, reproductive and health practices in dairy farms in Uruguay. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015. Dairy herds were stratified by size and 107 herds were randomly selected throughout all the Uruguayan territory. A survey was made on these herds; the questions were focused on general characteristics of the farms, strategies and health characteristics, and strategies and reproductive characteristics. The response rate of the survey was 95.3%. Of the surveyed farms, 95.6 ± 1.8% had veterinary service. The artificial insemination technique was used in 83.8 ± 5.2%. Fifty-nine percent of the farms made a pregnancy diagnosis. The estimated pregnancy rate was 79.5 ± 1.5%. The pre-service evaluation of the bulls was carried out in 49.0 ± 7.6% of the dairy farms. The main cause of culling was due to teething. Use of vaccines as a preventive measure for reproductive diseases was 56.6 ± 5.4% of the dairy farms. Fifty-eight percent of those surveyed had no history of reproductive diseases. The mean of abortions seen annually was 4.4 ± 0.6. Pregnancy rates could not be associated with reproductive and/or health aspects. It was possible to determine that the demographic aspect is a key role in the choice of reproductive and management aspects in dairy farms in Uruguay.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Encuesta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tambos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bovinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicadores reproductivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Survey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dairy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cattle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproductive indicators]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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