<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-4809</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria (Montevideo)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria (Montev.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-4809</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-48092016000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas en rumiantes diagnosticadas en Uruguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Plant and mycotoxin poisonings in ruminants diagnosed in Uruguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García y Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UdelaR Facultad de Veterinaria Departamento de Patología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>25</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>25</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>202</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>4</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-48092016000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-48092016000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-48092016000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas ocasionan importantes pérdidas económicas en países pecuarios, principalmente por muertes de animales y mermas en la producción. Este trabajo fue realizado con el propósito de brindar al veterinario que actúa en el diagnóstico de enfermedades de animales productivos, información breve y accesible sobre las intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas diagnosticadas en rumiantes de Uruguay. Para llevar a cabo el mismo se utilizaron como fuentes bibliográficas: revistas científicas arbitradas, tesis de grado, libros y comunicaciones en congresos, jornadas nacionales e internacionales. Se encontraron 37 géneros y 45 especies de plantas tóxicas, distribuidos en 20 familias botánicas. En cuanto a los hongos toxicogénicos, se hallaron 13 especies pertenecientes a 9 géneros de 6 familias diferentes. Entre las plantas diagnosticadas, la familia Asteraceae (Compositae) cuenta con la mayor cantidad de especies tóxicas, seguida por Gramineae, Solanaceae y Fabaceae (Leguminoseae). Los principales géneros de hongos toxicogénicos Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium y Claviceps han sido diagnosticados en el país. Desde el punto de vista patológico, las plantas y micotoxinas hepatotóxicas resultaron ser las más numerosas. La información presentada en las tablas, permitirá a los veterinarios un fácil abordaje en esta temática]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary Poisoning by plants and mycotoxins are the cause of significant economic losses in countries dedicated to cattle farming, mainly due to the death of animals and lower production. To control and prevent poisonings, it is essential to know the clinical signs and lesions produced by plants and mycotoxicosis. The aim of this study was to provide brief and accessible information to the practitioner making diagnosis on farm animals, about poisonous plants and mycotoxins commonly found in diagnosing ruminants in Uruguay. In order to carry out this work we used as reference sources: peer-reviewed journals, undergraduate degree thesis, books, seminars and conference communications. A total number of 37 genera and 45 species of toxic plants belonging to 20 botanical families were found. About toxicogenic fungi, 13 species belonging to 9 genera of 6 different families were found. Among the diagnosed plants, most of them belong to the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, followed by the Gramineae, Solanaceae and Fabaceae (Leguminoseae) families. The main genres of toxigenic fungi Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Claviceps have been diagnosed in the country. From a pathological perspective, hepatotoxic plants and mycotoxins were the most numerous. The information presented as tables will provide veterinarians an easy approach to this subject]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plantas tóxicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Micotoxicosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rumiantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Uruguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxic plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycotoxicosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ruminants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Uruguay]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div class="WordSection1">      <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas en rumiantes diagnosticadas en Uruguay</span></b></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></b></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Plant and mycotoxin poisonings in ruminants diagnosed in Uruguay</span></b></span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></b></span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Garc&iacute;a y Santos C<sup><font style="font-family: Verdana;" size="-1"><a href="#1">1</a><a name="-1"></a></font><font style="font-family: Verdana;" size="-1"><a href="#1a">*</a><a name="-1a"></a></font></sup>, Capelli A<font style="font-family: Verdana;" size="-1"><a href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a></font></span></span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="#-1"><span class="hps"><sup><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">1</span></sup></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><a name="1"></a>Laboratorio de Toxicolog&iacute;a, Departamento de Patolog&iacute;a, Facultad de Veterinaria, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay.</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><a href="#-1a">*</a><a name="1a"></a>Autor de correspondencia: Carmen Garc&iacute;a y Santos: cgarciaysantos@gmail.com</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;" lang="X-NONE">Recibido: 28/10/</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;">20</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;" lang="X-NONE">15</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;" lang="X-NONE">ceptado: 10/12/</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;">20</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: red;" lang="X-NONE">15</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 10);" lang="ES-UY">Resumen</span></b></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%; font-family: Verdana;"><font size="-1">Las intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas ocasionan importantes p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas en pa&iacute;ses pecuarios, principalmente por muertes de animales y mermas en la producci&oacute;n. Este trabajo fue realizado con el prop&oacute;sito de brindar al veterinario que act&uacute;a en el diagn&oacute;stico de enfermedades de animales productivos, informaci&oacute;n breve y accesible sobre las intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas diagnosticadas en rumiantes de Uruguay. Para llevar a cabo el mismo se utilizaron como fuentes bibliogr&aacute;ficas: revistas cient&iacute;ficas arbitradas, tesis de grado, libros y comunicaciones en congresos, jornadas nacionales e internacionales. Se encontraron 37 g&eacute;neros y 45 especies de plantas t&oacute;xicas, distribuidos en 20 familias bot&aacute;nicas. En cuanto a los hongos toxicog&eacute;nicos, se hallaron 13 especies pertenecientes a 9 g&eacute;neros de 6 familias diferentes. Entre las plantas diagnosticadas, la familia Asteraceae (Compositae) cuenta con la mayor cantidad de especies t&oacute;xicas, seguida por Gramineae, Solanaceae y Fabaceae (Leguminoseae). Los principales g&eacute;neros de hongos toxicog&eacute;nicos <i>Aspergillus, Penicillium,</i> <i>Fusarium </i>y <i>Claviceps</i> han sido diagnosticados en el pa&iacute;s. Desde el punto de vista patol&oacute;gico, las plantas y micotoxinas hepatot&oacute;xicas resultaron ser las m&aacute;s numerosas. La informaci&oacute;n presentada en las tablas, permitir&aacute; a los veterinarios un f&aacute;cil abordaje en esta tem&aacute;tica.</font></p>          <p class="Textbody" style="line-height: 200%; font-family: Verdana;"><font size="-1"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;</span></b></font></p>          <p class="Textbody" style="line-height: 200%; font-family: Verdana;"><font size="-1"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">Palabras clave:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;"> Plantas t&oacute;xicas, Micotoxicosis, Rumiantes, Uruguay</span></font></p>          <p class="Textbody" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Summary</span></b></span></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span class="hps"><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Poisoning by plants and mycotoxins</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US"> are the cause of <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">significant economic losses in</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">countries dedicated to cattle farming, mainly due to the</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">death</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">of</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">animals</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">and lower production. To control and prevent poisonings, it is essential to know the clinical signs and lesions produced by plants and mycotoxicosis. </span></span><span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;">The aim of this study was to provide brief and accessible information to the practitioner making diagnosis on farm animals, about poisonous plants and mycotoxins commonly found in diagnosing ruminants in Uruguay. </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">In order to carry out this work we used as reference sources: peer-reviewed journals, undergraduate degree thesis, books, seminars and</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">conference communications. A total number of 37 genera and 45 species of toxic plants belonging to 20 botanical families were found. About toxicogenic fungi, 13 species belonging to 9 genera of 6 different families were found.</span></span> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Among the diagnosed plants, most of them belong to the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, followed by </span></span>the Gramineae, Solanaceae and Fabaceae (Leguminoseae) families. The main genres of toxigenic fungi <i>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium</i> and <i>Claviceps</i> have been diagnosed in the country. From a pathological perspective, hepatotoxic plants and mycotoxins were the most numerous. The information presented as tables will provide veterinarians an easy approach to this subject.</span></font></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></span></font></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Keywords:</span></b></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US"> Toxic plants, Mycotoxicosis, Ruminants, Uruguay</span></span></font></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></span></p>          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 10);" lang="ES-MX">Introducci&oacute;n</span></b></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">La importancia del conocimiento de las plantas t&oacute;xicas radica en dos aspectos fundamentales, uno relacionado a las p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas por muertes y disminuci&oacute;n de producci&oacute;n temporaria o permanente y el otro referido al conocimiento espec&iacute;fico de las intoxicaciones que provocan (</span><a name="-Tokarnia_y_col_2000"></a></font><font size="-1"><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Tokarnia_y_col_2000">Tokarnia</a><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE"> y col., 2000). Las p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas relacionadas con plantas t&oacute;xicas, pueden ser directas e indirectas. Las directas se deben a muertes de animales, disminuci&oacute;n de producci&oacute;n e &iacute;ndices reproductivos. Las indirectas incluyen gastos de diagn&oacute;stico y tratamiento de animales enfermos, control de plantas y manejo de las tierras entre otras (<a name="-Riet_Correa_y_Medeiros_2000"></a></span><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Riet_Correa_y_Medeiros_2000">Riet</a><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">-Correa y Medeiros, 2000; <a name="-Odriozola_2003"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Odriozola_2003">Odriozola</a>, 2003). La falta de definici&oacute;n de planta t&oacute;xica desde el punto de vista pecuario, hace que numerosas plantas sean incorrectamente consideradas como tales. En este sentido, <a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Tokarnia_y_col_2000">Tokarnia</a> y col. (2000) definen planta t&oacute;xica de inter&eacute;s pecuario, aquella que ingerida en condiciones naturales por animales dom&eacute;sticos, causa da&ntilde;os a la salud, incluso la muerte, debi&eacute;ndose comprobar experimentalmente su toxicidad. </span></font></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">El diagn&oacute;stico de las intoxicaciones por plantas, lo puede realizar el veterinario de campo que conoce las plantas t&oacute;xicas de su regi&oacute;n y los cuadros cl&iacute;nico-patol&oacute;gicos asociados a estas. El mismo, se basa en los datos epidemiol&oacute;gicos, cl&iacute;nicos y patol&oacute;gicos, identificaci&oacute;n bot&aacute;nica y an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;micos de las plantas (<a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Tokarnia_y_col_2000">Tokarnia</a> y col., 2000). La necropsia es fundamental para la confirmaci&oacute;n o correcci&oacute;n del diagn&oacute;stico, siendo muchas veces la &uacute;nica forma de llegar al diagn&oacute;stico correcto. Los signos cl&iacute;nicos observados en un animal enfermo, corroborados en la necropsia y colecta de material para estudios posteriores, son una herramienta de diagn&oacute;stico imprescindible para el veterinario que act&uacute;a en el diagn&oacute;stico de enfermedades de rumiantes (<a name="-Peixoto_y_Barros_1998"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Peixoto_y_Barros_1998">Peixoto</a> y Barros, 1998). </span></font></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">En Uruguay, los Laboratorios de Diagn&oacute;stico de la Direcci&oacute;n de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DILAVE), estiman en un 10% los casos reportados debido a la ingesti&oacute;n de plantas t&oacute;xicas en bovinos en el Laboratorio Regional Noroeste de Paysand&uacute; y de 16% para el Laboratorio Regional Este de Treinta y Tres. En ovinos los porcentajes de casos reportados, son de 11% en la regi&oacute;n noroeste y 15% en el este. Se reconocen 31 especies vegetales t&oacute;xicas de importancia pecuaria en nuestro pa&iacute;s (<a name="-Rivero_y_col_2011a"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Rivero_y_col_2011a">Rivero</a> y col., 2011a). Sin embargo en los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os, el aporte de las tesis de grado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, ha incrementado el n&uacute;mero de plantas t&oacute;xicas reconocidas</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">, algunas de estas inclu&iacute;das en el trabajo de <a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Rivero_y_col_2011a">Rivero</a> y col. (2011<sup>a</sup>) y otras estudiadas posteriormente</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">. La toxicidad de plantas como <i>Sessea vestioides </i>(<a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#fig_1">Figura 1</a>) (<a name="-Alonso_y_col_2006"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Alonso_y_col_2006">Alonso</a> y col., 2006),<i> Quercus robur </i>(<a name="-Arruti_y_col_2007"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Arruti_y_col_2007">Arruti</a> y col., 2007), <i>Senecio grisebachii </i>(<a name="-Monroy_y_Preliasco_2008"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Monroy_y_Preliasco_2008">Monroy</a> y Preliasco, 2008), <i>Lathyrus hirsutus </i>(<a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#fig_2">Figura 2</a>) (<a name="-Aldecoa_y_col_2010"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Aldecoa_y_col_2010">Aldecoa</a> y col., 2010), <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> (<a name="-Arrospide_y_col_2010"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Arrospide_y_col_2010">Arrospide</a> y col., 2010), <i>Melia azedarach</i> (<a name="-Alonso_y_Luzardo_2011"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Alonso_y_Luzardo_2011">Alonso</a> y Luzardo, 2011), <i>Cestrum parqui</i> (<a name="-Bauza_y_col_2012"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Bauza_y_col_2012">Bauz&aacute;</a> y col., 2012) ha sido comprobada experimentalmente en bovinos. </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Mientras que en ovinos </span><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">Nierembergia rivularis</span></i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE"> (<a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#fig_3">Figura </a></span></font><font size="-1"><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#fig_3">3</a><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">) (<a name="-Etcheberry_y_col_2008"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Etcheberry_y_col_2008">Etcheberry</a> y col., 2008), <i>Phytolaca dioica</i> (<a name="-Iriarte_y_col_2011"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Iriarte_y_col_2011">Iriarte</a> y col., 2011), <i>Wedelia glauca</i> (Figura </span><a href="#fig_4"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">4</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">) (<a name="-Bertucci_y_Parietti_2011"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Bertucci_y_Parietti_2011">Bertucci</a> y Parietti, 2011), <i>Nerium oleander</i> (<a name="-Albanell_y_col_2013"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Albanell_y_col_2013">Albanell</a> y col., 2013), <i>Sessea vestioides</i> (<a name="-Dominguez_2013"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Dominguez_2013">Dom&iacute;nguez</a>, 2013) y <i>Vernonia plantaginoides</i> (<a name="-Costa_y_col_2014"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Costa_y_col_2014">Costa</a> y col., 2014) son las especies t&oacute;xicas comprobadas.</span></font></p>      <a name="fig_1"></a>    <br>    <img style="width: 493px; height: 410px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04f1.JPG">     <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><a name="fig_2"></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p>        <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><img style="width: 358px; height: 306px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04f2.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><a name="fig_3"></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><img style="width: 534px; height: 439px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04f3.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><a name="fig_4"></a></span></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><img style="width: 499px; height: 424px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04f4.JPG"></span></p>              <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-MX">Muchas de las plantas diagnosticadas, son t&oacute;xicas cuando se contaminan con hongos toxicog&eacute;nicos como <i>Aspergillus, Penicillium,</i> <i>Fusarium </i>y <i>Claviceps. </i>Estos g&eacute;neros pueden producir </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">metabolitos secundarios de bajo peso molecular conocidos como micotoxinas (<a name="-Bullerman_y_Draughon_1994"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Bullerman_y_Draughon_1994">Bullerman</a> y Draughon, 1994).</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE"> </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-MX">Estos metabolitos, adem&aacute;s de contaminar pasturas, pueden encontrarse en granos, raciones y otros suplementos utilizados en la alimentaci&oacute;n animal. Existen cientos de estas toxinas, responsables de intoxicaciones que provocan un </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: black;" lang="X-NONE">fuerte impacto en la salud p&uacute;blica y animal e importantes p&eacute;rdidas en el sector productivo agropecuario</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-MX"> (<a name="-Hollinger_y_Ekperigin_1999"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Hollinger_y_Ekperigin_1999">Hollinger</a> y Ekperigin, 1999). En Salud P&uacute;blica, el riesgo se debe principalmente al consumo de cereales, carne, leche y sus derivados contaminados principalmente por aflatoxinas B<sub>1</sub> y M<sub>1 </sub>y por zearalenona (<a name="-Peers_y_col_1976"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Peers_y_col_1976">Peers</a> y col., 1976; <a name="-Sundolf_y_Strickland_1986"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Sundolf_y_Strickland_1986">Sundolf</a> y Strickland, 1986; <a name="-Mallmann_y_col_1994"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Mallmann_y_col_1994">Mallmann</a> y col., 1994). Las p&eacute;rdidas de producci&oacute;n y el deterioro en la salud animal, sumadas a </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">las restricciones impuestas por los pa&iacute;ses importadores de alimentos, p&eacute;rdidas en las cosechas contaminadas y/o elevados costos de desintoxicaci&oacute;n, son importantes y no bien evaluadas en el sector agropecuario. </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Es por eso que el diagn&oacute;stico de las micotoxicosis, es fundamental para establecer medidas terap&eacute;uticas, de control y preventivas </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-MX"><a name="-Whitlow_y_Hagler_2002"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#Whitlow_y_Hagler_2002">Whitlow</a> y Hagler, 2002</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">). </span></font></p>          <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="X-NONE">Debido a los problemas en la salud humana y animal, p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas y errores de diagn&oacute;stico que ocurren en intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas, se hace imprescindible el reconocimiento de estas enfermedades. En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo fue acercar al profesional veterinario, informaci&oacute;n precisa y breve de las plantas t&oacute;xicas y micotoxinas asociadas a forrajes, diagnosticadas en rumiantes de Uruguay.</span></font></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><font size="-1"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Las especies vegetales y f&uacute;ngicas se presentan agrupadas de acuerdo a los cuadros cl&iacute;nico-patol&oacute;gicos que producen para facilitar el abordaje de esta tem&aacute;tica. Es as&iacute; que se incluyeron 8 cuadros, con nombres vulgares y cient&iacute;ficos de plantas y hongos, familia a la que pertenecen, principios activos, cuadros t&oacute;xicos, especies animales afectadas, zonas donde han sido diagnosticadas y las referencias encontradas en la bibliograf&iacute;a consultada. Los 7 primeros cuadros contienen intoxicaciones por plantas y micotoxinas s diagnosticadas, el &uacute;ltimo presenta plantas sospechosas de producir intoxicaciones, cuyos resultados experimentales fueron negativos. </span></font></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><font size="-1">La bibliograf&iacute;a consultada est&aacute; disponible en Biblioteca de Facultad de Veterinaria y en Internet. La mayor&iacute;a de las referencias presentadas en los cuadros, son conferencias o comunicaciones de jornadas nacionales, tesis de grado de la Facultad de Veterinaria y en menor n&uacute;mero, art&iacute;culos publicados en revistas.</font> </span></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 533px; height: 851px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t1.JPG"></span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 579px; height: 571px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t2.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 561px; height: 734px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t3.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 555px; height: 454px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t4.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 578px; height: 441px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t5.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 573px; height: 390px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t6.JPG"></span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 572px; height: 606px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t7.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;<img style="width: 553px; height: 471px;" alt="" src="/img/revistas/vet/v52n202/n202a04t8.JPG"></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Conclusiones</span></b></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">En</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"> <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Uruguay</span></span> hasta el momento hay identificados 37 <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">g&eacute;neros y</span></span> 45 e<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">species</span></span> de <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">plantas</span></span> t&oacute;xicas distribuidos en 20 familias <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">bot&aacute;nicas. </span></span></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Los </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">hongos <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">toxicog&eacute;nicos diagnosticados en nuestro pa&iacute;s, pertenecen a</span></span> 9<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> g&eacute;neros y</span></span> 13<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> especies</span></span> de 6 familias diferentes<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">.</span></span></span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">La familia bot&aacute;nica Asteraceae, es la que tiene mayor cantidad de especies asociadas a intoxicaciones, </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">seguida por las familias <span class="hps"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Gramineae, Solanaceae</span></span> y Fabaceae. </span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Los cuadros patol&oacute;gicos hepatot&oacute;xicos son los m&aacute;s numerosos, con 16 intoxicaciones por plantas y 2 micotoxicosis diagnosticadas.</span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">&nbsp;</span></p>          <p class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Referencias bibliogr&aacute;ficas</span></b></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">1.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><font size="-1"><a name="Albanell_y_col_2013"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Albanell_y_col_2013">Albanell</a></font> S, Bonino JA, Leguisamo E. (2013). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Estudio de la toxicidad de <i>Nerium oleander</i> en ovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">2.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><font size="-1"><a name="Aldecoa_y_col_2010"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Aldecoa_y_col_2010">Aldecoa</a></font> C, Franco C, Moreira G. (2010). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Intoxicaci&oacute;n experimental por <i>Lathyrus hirsutus</i> en bovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">3.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="FR"><font size="-1"><a name="Alonso_y_col_2006"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Alonso_y_col_2006">Alonso</a></font> M, Bianchi J, N&uacute;&ntilde;ez J. (2006). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Intoxicaci&oacute;n por <i>Sessea vestioides</i> en bovinos de Uruguay. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">4.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a name="Alonso_y_Luzardo_2011"></a></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><font size="-1"><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Alonso_y_Luzardo_2011">Alonso</a></font> MF, Luzardo S. (2011). Investigaci&oacute;n sobre la toxicidad de Melia azedarach (para&iacute;so) en bovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">5.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Aramend&iacute;a ME, Hareau M, Miranda DM. (2011). <span style="color: black;">Investigaci&oacute;n sobre la toxicidad de <i>Mentha pulegium</i> en bovinos del Uruguay.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: black;" lang="ES-UY"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">6.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><font size="-1"><a name="Arrospide_y_col_2010"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Arrospide_y_col_2010">Arrospide</a></font> J, Lorenzelli J, Monteverde J. (2010). Determinaci&oacute;n de la toxicidad de <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> para bovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">7.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="FR"><font size="-1"><a name="Arruti_y_col_2007"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Arruti_y_col_2007">Arruti</a></font> F, Ferr&eacute;s J, Trelles M. (2007). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Intoxicaci&oacute;n experimental por Roble (<i>Quercus spp</i>.) en bovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.     </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">8.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><font size="-1"><a name="Bauza_y_col_2012"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Bauza_y_col_2012">Bauz&aacute;</a></font> JP, Carrasquera CG, Pujolar ME. (2012). <span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;">Comprobaci&oacute;n de la toxicidad de las hojas de <i>Cestrum parqui</i> en dos per&iacute;odos del a&ntilde;o en bovinos del Uruguay.</span> Tesis de grado<i>,</i> Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">9.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY"><font size="-1"><a name="Bertucci_y_Parietti_2011"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Bertucci_y_Parietti_2011">Bertucci</a></font> A, Parietti M. (2011). Investigaci&oacute;n sobre la toxicidad de <i>Wedelia glauca</i> en ovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">10.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US"><font size="-1"><a name="Bullerman_y_Draughon_1994"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Bullerman_y_Draughon_1994">Bullerman</a></font> L, Draughon F. (1994). <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> and fumonisin symposium-introduction. J Food Protection 57:523.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">11.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Cayr&uacute;s LF, de Grossi A, Fajardo J. (2014). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-UY">Investigaci&oacute;n sobre la toxicidad de <i>Nierembergia hippomanica</i> para los ovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-TRAD">12.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Capelli A, Dom&iacute;nguez R,<i> </i>Sosa S, Moratorio G, Garc&iacute;a y Santos C. (2012). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-TRAD">Fotosensibilizaci&oacute;n hep&aacute;togena en bovinos pastoreando avena y raigr&aacute;s. IV Congreso AUPA.</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" lang="ES-TRAD"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="ES-TRAD">Veterinaria (Montevideo) 48 Supl 1:187.     </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">13.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Capelli A, Pereira R, Dominguez R, Arago S, P&eacute;rez W, Alonso E, Garc&iacute;a y Santos C. (2007). Brote de fotosensibilizaci&oacute;n hepat&oacute;gena en bovinos en Rocha. V Jornadas T&eacute;cnicas de Veterinaria. Facultad de Veterinaria, Montevideo, Uruguay. P 169.    </span></p>          <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">14.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><font size="-1"><a name="Costa_y_col_2014"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Costa_y_col_2014">Costa</a></font> RA, Da Fonseca JM, Paiva I. (2014). Intoxicaci&oacute;n experimental por Vernonia plantaginoides (less.) hieron en ovinos&rdquo;. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay. </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">15.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Dietrich CV, Martinez M, Soca C. (2013). Intoxicaci&oacute;n experimental por Alternanthera philoxeroides en terneros Holando. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">16.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><font size="-1"><a name="Dominguez_2013"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Dominguez_2013">Dom&iacute;nguez</a></font> R. (2013). Intoxicaci&oacute;n por Sessea vestioides en ovinos. Tesis de grado, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep&uacute;blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.    </span></p>          <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">17.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Dutra F, Romero A, Trelles MP, Arruti F, Ferr&eacute;s JA, Quinteros C. (2014). Intoxicaci&oacute;n espont&aacute;nea y experimental por Quercus robur (&ldquo;roble europeo&rdquo;) en bovinos en Uruguay. Veterinaria (Montevideo) 50:34-48.</span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">18.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Dutra F. (2010a). Archivo Veterinario del Este. A&ntilde;o 2 (1):7-8. Hematuria enzo&oacute;tica bovina (Pteridium aquilinum). </span><font size="-1"><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="http://www.mgap.gub.uy/DGSG/DILAVE">www.mgap.gub.uy/DGSG/DILAVE/Dilave</a></font><!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">19.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Dutra F. 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(1976). Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. A study in Switzerland. Int J Cancer 17:167-176.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">41.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><font size="-1"><a name="Peixoto_y_Barros_1998"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Peixoto_y_Barros_1998">Peixoto</a></font> PV, Barros CSL. (1998). A import&acirc;ncia da necropsia em medicina veterin&aacute;ria. Pesq Vet Bras 18:132-134.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">42.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Perdomo E, Paullier C. (1986). Enfermedades que afectan el sistema nervioso central. En: Bonino Morl&aacute;n J, Dur&aacute;n del Campo A, Mari JJ. Enfermedades de los lanares. Vol. III Montevideo, Ed. Hemisferio Sur. pp. 143-172.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">43.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Pereira R, Capelli A, Dominguez R, Arago S, P&eacute;rez W, Alonso E, Garc&iacute;a y Santos C. (2007). Intoxicaci&oacute;n espont&aacute;nea por ingesti&oacute;n de Lathyrus hirsutus en terneros del Uruguay. V Jornadas T&eacute;cnicas de Veterinaria. Facultad de Veterinaria, Montevideo, Uruguay pp. 74.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">44.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Podest&aacute; M, T&oacute;rtora JL, Moyna P, Izaguirre PR, Arrillaga B, Altamirano J. (1977). Seneciosis en bovinos: Su comprobaci&oacute;n en el Uruguay. Veterinaria (Montevideo) 64:97-112.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">45.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Garc&iacute;a y Santos C, Collazo S, Sequeira E, Martino P. (2000). Casos cl&iacute;nicos de intoxicaci&oacute;n por el hongo Pithomyces chartarum en bovinos en los a&ntilde;os 1998 y 1999. XXI World Buiatric Congress, Punta del Este, Uruguay p. 109.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">46.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Perdomo E, Paullier C, Le Bars J, Uriarte G, Algorta E, Andrade W, Berreta JJ, Collazo S, Alonso T. (1987a). Micotoxicosis asociada a tallar&iacute;n de remolacha. XVII Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a, Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay, Sec cc 3, p. 1-9.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">47.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Perdomo E, Capano F, Collazo S, Mor&oacute;n C. (1987b). Cuadros de asoleamieno en bovinos asociados al hongo Claviceps pupurea. IV Congreso Nacional de Veterinaria, Montevideo, Uruguay. Mimeografiado.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">48.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Rodr&iacute;guez J, Le Bars J, Perdomo E, Paullier C, Uriarte G, Monteiro C, Collazo S, Abdala J, Alonso T. (1986). Cuadro tremorg&eacute;nico en bovinos producido por hongos de los g&eacute;neros Penicillium y Aspergillus productores de patulina aislados de un polvo de desecho de molienda de malta (c&aacute;scara de cebada). XVI Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a, Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay Secci&oacute;n cc 7, pp. 1-9.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">49.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Moyna P, Del Puerto O, Perdomo E, Baraibar M, Parada H, Pasquariello. (1979). Intoxicaci&oacute;n por duraznillo negro en el bovino. VII Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a, Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay. Secci&oacute;n cc 3, pp. 1-8.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">50.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Riet-Correa F, Perdomo E, Corbo M, Del Puerto O, Moyna P, Altamirano J, Meny H, McCosker P. (1977a). Fotosensibilizaci&oacute;n hepat&oacute;gena en bovinos asociada a la ingesti&oacute;n de Echium plantagineum L. V Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a. Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay, Secci&oacute;n ii, pp. 1-11.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">51.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Riet-Correa F, Corbo M, Meny H, Sal&uacute;a S, McCosker P. (1977b). S&iacute;ndrome nervioso en bovinos producido por la ingesti&oacute;n de pasto bermuda (Cynodon dactylon). Veterinaria (Uruguay) 64:89-95.     </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">52.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Riet-Correa F, Corbo M, Perdomo E, McCosker P. (1976). S&iacute;ndrome nervioso en bovinos causado por el hongo Claviceps paspali. Veterinaria (Uruguay) 12:82-89.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">53.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Corbo M, Meny H, Puerto del O, McCosker P. (1975). Fotosensibilizaci&oacute;n primaria en ganado lechero asociada con Ammi majus (cicuta negra). III Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a. Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay Secci&oacute;n cc, pp. 1-5.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">54.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet Alvariza F, Dias LE. (1974). El hongo Pithomyces chartarum asociado con casos de fotosensibilizaci&oacute;n hepat&oacute;gena en bovinos. II Jornadas Uruguayas de Buiatr&iacute;a, Paysand&uacute;, Uruguay Secci&oacute;n cc, pp. 1-8.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">55.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Riet-Correa F</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Rivero R</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Odriozola E</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Adrien ML</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Medeiros RM</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Schild AL</span>. (2013). Mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 25(6):692-708.    </span></p>          <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">56.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet-Correa F, Barros SS, M&eacute;ndez MC, Gevehr-Fernandes C, Pereira Neto OA, Soares MP, McGavin MD. (2009). Axonal degeneration in sheep caused by the ingestion of Halimium brasiliense. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:478&ndash;486.</span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">57.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><font size="-1"><a name="Riet_Correa_y_Medeiros_2000"></a><a style="font-family: Verdana;" href="#-Riet_Correa_y_Medeiros_2000">Riet</a></font><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">-Correa F, Medeiros RMT. (2000). Toxic plants for ruminants in Brazil and Uruguay: economic impact, control measures and public health implications. XXI World Buiatric Congress, Punta del Este, Uruguay pp.11.    </span></p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">58.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet-Correa F, Rivero R, Dutra F, M&eacute;ndez MC. (1996). Intoxicaciones en rumiantes en Rio Grande del Sur y Uruguay. VI Congreso Nacional de Veterinaria, Montevideo, Uruguay, Formato electr&oacute;nico.    </span></p>          <!-- ref --><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 34pt; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.8pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">59.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;" lang="PT-BR">Riet-Correa F. (1993). Intoxica&ccedil;&atilde;o por Festuca arundinacea. 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