<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12492020000100021</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31134/ap.91.1.4</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Interpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinarias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Interpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urinárias]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luciana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Americano Servicio Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina Depto. Bacteriología y Virología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12492020000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12492020000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12492020000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable.  Objetivo:  determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados.  Material y método:  estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018.  Resultados:  se estudiaron 137 pacientes por sospecha de ITU, confirmándose mediante urocultivo en 27 (19,7%). En niños de 1 mes a 3 años, el principal motivo de sospecha de ITU fue fiebre sin foco y la sensibilidad de leucocitos/EL fue de 75%, especificidad 65,6%, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 35,2% y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) 91,3%. En el caso de los nitritos y EL la sensibilidad fue 43,7%, especificidad 93,7%, VPP 63,6% y VPN 87%. En mayores de 3 años la fiebre, junto a síntomas urinarios, fue el motivo de sospecha de ITU más frecuente, pero con baja sensibilidad diagnóstica. La sensibilidad de los leucocitos fue 72,7%, especificidad 72,9%, VPP 38,1% y VPN 92,1%. En leucocitos y nitritos la sensibilidad fue de 63,6%, especificidad 93,7%, VPP 70% y VPN 91,8%. El 65% de los niños mayores de 1 mes con sospecha de ITU recibieron antibióticos empíricamente. Se confirmó ITU solo en 29,6% de los que recibieron antibiótico.  Conclusiones:  existe sobrediagnóstico de ITU en pediatría. La baja sensibilidad y especificidad de los síntomas y los tests de sospecha conllevan a un uso irracional de antimicrobianos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary:  Introduction:  urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable.  Objective:  determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results.  Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018.  Results:  137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics.  Conclusions:  pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms&#8217; low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável.  Objetivo:  determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados.  Materiais e métodos:  estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018.  Resultados:  137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos.  Conclusões:  há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones urinarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antibacterianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urinary tract Infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anti-bacterial agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Infecções urinárias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Antibacterianos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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