<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12492019000500257</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31134/ap.90.5.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Experiencia en la utilización de cánula nasal de alto flujo en niños con infecciones respiratorias agudas hospitalizados en un sector de internación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of high flow nasal cannula in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo em crianças hospitalizadas com infecções respiratórias agudas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinchak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Loreley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peluffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Analhi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soledad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferratti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luciana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wálter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Depto. Pediatría. ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Depto. Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Depto. Pediatría. ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Clínica Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Depto. Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR Depto. Pediatría Clínica Pediátrica "B".]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>257</fpage>
<lpage>269</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000500257&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000500257&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000500257&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) constituyen la principal causa de ingreso hospitalario en menores de 2 años. La utilización de cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) es un instrumento terapéutico eficaz para evitar la ventilación invasiva, especialmente para los pacientes menores de 6 meses que constituyen el grupo de mayor riesgo.  Objetivos:  presentar la experiencia en la implementación de la terapia con CNAF en pacientes menores de 2 años con IRAB con insuficiencia respiratoria tratados en un sector de internación de infecciones respiratorias virales y analizar la población derivada a sectores de mayor complejidad.  Pacientes y método:  estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes menores de 2 años con IRAB e insuficiencia respiratoria que recibieron tratamiento con CNAF, desde el 1° de junio al 31 de agosto del 2015 en un sector de internación del Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP/CHPR) de Montevideo, Uruguay.  Resultados:  se incluyeron 125 pacientes, 47 niñas y 78 varones, con una mediana de edad de 3 meses (16 días - 24 meses). En el 53% de ellos se identificó VRS. La duración de la terapia con CNAF tuvo una mediana de 69 horas (4 - 192 horas). La mediana del score de TAL modificado previo a su utilización fue de 7 (rango 5 - 9) y a las dos horas de 5 (rango 3 - 8). La terapia con CNAF se acompañó de una reducción significativa de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC). No se observaron efectos adversos ni complicaciones por la técnica. Requirieron ingreso a sectores de mayor complejidad (unidad de cuidados intensivos UCI o cuidados respiratorios especiales agudos CREA) el 38% (n=47), de los cuales el 36% (n=17) requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica invasiva (AVMI), el 25% (n=12) ventilación no invasiva (VNI) y el 38% (n=18) continuó recibiendo tratamiento con CNAF. Los menores de 3 meses requirieron derivación a sectores de mayor complejidad con más frecuencia (p=0,0036).  Conclusiones:  la utilización de CNAF pudo ser implementada sin complicaciones en una sala de internación pediátrica. El 62% de los pacientes no requirió otro tipo de apoyo respiratorio. Los menores de 3 meses requirieron traslado a cuidados críticos con mayor frecuencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary:  Introduction:  acute lower respiratory infections (LRTI) are the leading cause of hospitalization in children under 2 years of age. High-Flow Oxygen (HFO) is a highly effective method to prevent invasive ventilation, even for patients under 6 months of age, the highest-risk group.  Objective:  to present our experience and results for patients under 2 years of age with LRTI and moderate or severe respiratory distress treated with HFO and to analyze the subgroup of patients that needed to be transferred to other hospital units to continue their treatment.  Patients and method:  patients under 2 years of age with LRTI and respiratory failure who required HFO were included in a prospective observational study carried out between June 1 and August 31, 2015 at the Inpatient Area of the Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (PH/CHPR), Montevideo, Uruguay.  Results:  125 patients were included. 47 girls and 78 boys with a median age of 3 months (16 days-24 months). 53% of them were RSVs positive. The median connection time was 69 hours (Range 4 -192). The median for the modified TAL score was 7 (Range 5-9) and 5 (Range 3-8) before connection and 2 hours later respectively. HFO resulted into a significant reduction of heart rate. No adverse effects or complications were observed. 38% (n = 47) of patients were transferred to intensive care or special acute respiratory care but just a 36% (n = 17) of them needed mechanical ventilation and 25.5% (n = 12) needed non-invasive ventilation (NIV); the remaining 18 patients continued receiving HFO. Patients under 3 months of age needed to be transferred to ICU more often than older ones (p = 0.0036)  Conclusions:  the HFO technique could be implemented without complications in pediatric units. 62% of patients did not need additional respiratory support. Patients under 3 months of age needed to be transferred to Intensive Care more often than older patients.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução: as infecções respiratórias agudas inferiores (IRA) são a principal causa de hospitalização em crianças menores de 2 anos. O oxigênio de alto fluxo (OAF) é um método altamente eficaz para prevenir a ventilação invasiva, mesmo em pacientes com menos de 6 meses de idade, o grupo de maior risco.  Objetivo: apresentar nossa experiência e resultados nos pacientes com menos de 2 anos de idade com IRA com dificuldade respiratória moderada ou grave tratados com OAF e analisar o subgrupo de pacientes que precisaram ser transferidos para outras áreas hospitalares para continuar o seu tratamento.  Pacientes e método: pacientes com menos de 2 anos de idade com ITRI e insuficiência respiratória que necessitaram de OAF foram incluídos em um estudo observacional prospectivo realizado entre 1 de junho e 31 de agosto de 2015 na Área de Internação do Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (PH / CHPR), Montevidéu, Uruguai.  Resultados: 125 pacientes foram incluídos. 47 meninas e 78 meninos com idade média de 3 meses (16 dias a 24 meses). 53% deles foram positivos para o VSR. O tempo médio de conexão foi de 69 horas (Faixa 4 -192). A mediana do escore TAL modificado foi de 7 (intervalo 5-9) e 5 (intervalo 3-8) antes da conexão e 2 horas depois, respectivamente. HFO resultou em uma redução significativa na frequência cardíaca. Não foram observados efeitos adversos ou complicações. 38% (n = 47) dos pacientes foram transferidos para tratamento intensivo ou respiratório agudo especial, mas apenas 36% (n = 17) deles necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e 25,5% (n = 12) necessitaram de ventilação não invasiva (VNI); os 18 pacientes restantes continuaram recebendo HFO. Pacientes com menos de 3 meses de idade precisaram ser transferidos para UTI mais frequentemente do que os outros (p = 0,0036)  Conclusões: a técnica OAF poderia ser implementada sem complicações em unidades pediátricas. 62% dos pacientes não precisaram de suporte respiratório adicional. Pacientes com menos de 3 meses de idade precisaram ser transferidos para terapia intensiva com mais frequência do que pacientes mais velhos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bronquiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Terapia por inhalación de oxígeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cánula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insuficiencia respiratoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bronchiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxygen inhalation therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cannula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory insufficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Bronquiolite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Oxigenoterapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cânula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Insuficiência respiratória]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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