<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12492019000200063</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31134/ap.90.2.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Neumonia asociada a ventilación mecánica. Incidencia y dificultades diagnósticas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Incidence and difficulties in the diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia at a pediatric intensive care unit]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Incidência e dificuldades no diagnóstico da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telechea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menchaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CHPR UCIN ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina UCIN]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Facultad de Medicina UCIN]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12492019000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  la neumonia asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAVM) es frecuente, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Genera aumento de los días de ventilación mecánica (VM), la estadía y los costos asistenciales.  Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de NAVM en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niños (UCIN) del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) durante el año 2015.  Material y método:  se realizó un estudio descriptivo entre el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2015. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica (VM) por más de 24 h. Se aplicaron los criterios diagnósticos de Center for Diseases Control (CDC) y se cotejaron con el Clinical Pulmonary Score (CIPS). La fuente de recolección de datos fueron las historias clínicas.  Resultados: se incluyeron 147 niños, 686 días de VM. En 15 se sospechó NAVM, un caso cumplió los criterios del CDC. La incidencia fue 1,45 casos por cada 1.000 días de VM. Los gérmenes aislados fueron Acinetobacter baumanii complex y Enterobacter cloacae.  Conclusión: la incidencia de NAVM fue elevada en comparación con el reporte de NNIS 2013, pero baja compararla con datos regionales. Se observó escasa adherencia a los criterios del CDC. Es necesario fomentar una mayor adherencia a los criterios diagnósticos para evitar sobrediagnóstico de NAVM y racionalizar el uso de antibióticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary:  Introduction: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital infection in ICUs and it can increase of morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and health care costs.  Objective: determine the incidence of VAP in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Pereira Rossell Children Hospital (CHPR) in 2015.  Material and methods.  from January 1st to December 31st, 2015, we carried out a descriptive study that included children who required mechanical ventilation (MV) for 24 hours or longer. We recorded the number of days of MV, applied the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) diagnostic criteria and compared it against the Clinical Pulmonary Socore (CIPS). Clinical data were extracted from the patients&#8217; medical records.  Results: 147 children met the inclusion criteria during 686 days of mechanical ventilation. We suspected VAP in 15 cases, and one of these 15 cases met the CDC criteria for VAP. The incidence of VAP was 1.45 cases/1000 days of MV. The isolated bacteria were Acinteobacter baumanii complex and Enterobacter cloacae.  Conclusion:  the incidence of VAP was high when compared to the 2013 NNIS Report, but low when compared to regional data. The data showed a low adherence to the CDC VAP diagnostic criteria. It is necessary to encourage compliance to CDC criteria in order to avoid VAP over diagnosis and to rationalize the use of antibiotics.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  a pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV) é uma infecção hospitalar comum em UTIs e pode aumentar a morbidade, a mortalidade, o tempo de internação hospitalar e os custos com assistência médica.  Objetivo:  determinar a incidência de PAV na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica do Hospital Infantil Pereira Rossell (CHPR) em 2015.  Material e métodos: de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2015, foi realizado um estudo descritivo que incluiu crianças que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica (VM) por 24 horas ou mais. Registramos o número de dias de VM, aplicamos os critérios diagnósticos do Center for Diseases Control (CDC) e comparamos com o Clinical Pulmonary Score (CIPS). Dados clínicos foram extraídos dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes.  Conclusão:  a incidência de PAVM foi alta em comparação com o Relatório NNIS 2013, mas baixa quando comparada aos dados regionais. Os dados mostraram baixa aderência aos critérios diagnósticos da CDV. É necessário incentivar o cumprimento dos critérios do CDC, a fim de evitar o diagnóstico precoce da PAV e racionalizar o uso excessivo de antibióticos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neumonía asociada a ventilador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Incidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ventilator associated pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Incidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric intensive care units]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pneumonia associada à ventilação mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Incidência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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