<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12492018000500235</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31134/ap.89.4.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Colonización nasofaríngea por serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae en niños uruguayos antes y después de la introducción de las vacunas antineumocóccicas conjugadas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nasopharyngeal colonization from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Uruguayan children before and after pneumococcal conjugate vaccines]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Colonização nasofaríngea por sorotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae em crianças uruguaias antes e após da introdução de vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Coral]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR CENUR Litoral Norte CEO-Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,MS Unidad Bacteriología. Depto. Laboratorios Salud Pública Sector Infecciones Respiratorias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,MS Depto. Laboratorios Salud Pública Unidad Bacteriología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,MS CHPR Bacteriología Laboratorio Patología Clínica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,UDELAR Programa Desarrollo Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>241</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12492018000500235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12492018000500235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12492018000500235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Las vacunas conjugadas neumocóccicas (VCN) son efectivas para el control de las infecciones severas en niños y también limitan la colonización nasofaríngea por los serotipos que integran sus fórmulas. En Uruguay, no se dispone de publicaciones recientes sobre los serotipos albergados en el reservorio nasofaríngeo de los niños, ni antes ni luego de la introducción de las VCN. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la colonización nasofaríngea de niños menores de 2 años y describir los serotipos de S. pneumoniae identificados antes y después de la introducción de las vacunas conjugadas antineumocóccicas en el certificado esquema de vacunación (CEV) de Uruguay, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, incluyendo tres períodos de tiempo: años 2002- 2003 y 2014-2015 en Paysandú, y 2012-2013 en Montevideo. Los aislamientos de S. pneumoniae se realizaron en laboratorios locales y la serotipificación por &#8220;quellung&#8221; se efectuó en el Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública. Se procesaron 831 muestras, con 54,8% de recuperación de neumococos (n=456), de los cuales 223 fueron tipificados. El estudio previo a la vacunación mostró portación de serotipos invasores, con predominio de los serotipos 6A, 6B, 14 y 19F, todos incluidos en la vacuna 13-valente. En los niños de la policlínica de HIV, la colonización por neumococos invasores fue mucho menor, y el otro estudio, también posvacunación, evidenció la casi desaparición de cepas invasoras (6/93), con predominio de serotipos poco habituales, lo que constituyó un llamado de atención para instrumentar una vigilancia que monitorice la dinámica de la colonización infantil.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are effective against children&#8217;s severe infections and they also constrain nasopharyngeal colonization due to the serotypes in their formulas. There are no recent publications in Uruguay regarding serotypes hosted in the children&#8217;s nasopharyngeal reservoir, either from before or after the introduction of the PCV. With the purpose of characterizing nasopharyngeal colonization of children under 2 years of age and describing the S. pneumoniae serotypes before and after the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the Uruguayan National Vaccination Report, we carried out a descriptive retrospective study including three periods: 2002- 2003 and 2014-2015 in Paysandú, and 2012-2013 in Montevideo. S. pneumoniae was isolated in local laboratories and the &#8220;quellung&#8221; serotypification was carried out in the Laboratories of the Public Health Department. We processed 831 samples and recovered 54.8% pneumococci (n=456), of which 223 were typified. Prior to the vaccination, the study showed invasive serotype carriage, mainly of the 6A, 6B, 14 and 19F serotypes, all included in the 13-valent vaccine. At the HIV clinic, colonization from invasive pneumococci was much lower and the post vaccination study showed the almost complete disappearance of the invasive strains (6/93), mainly of the less common serotypes, which called the attention towards the increase of vigilance towards the monitoring of children colonization dynamics.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: As Vacinas Pneumocócicas Conjugadas (VPC) são eficazes contra infecções graves em crianças e também restringem a colonização nasofaríngea, devido aos sorotipos utilizados em suas fórmulas. Não há publicações recentes no Uruguai relativas aos sorotipos que incluem reservatório nasofaringeos nas crianças, nem de antes ou depois das vacinas VPN. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a colonização nasofaríngea de crianças menores de 2 anos de idade e descrevendo os sorotipos S. pneumoniae antes e depois das vacinas antipneumocócicas conjugadas no Relatório Nacional de Vacinação do Uruguai, realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo descritivo, incluindo três períodos: 2002- 2003 e 2014-2015 em Paysandú e 2012-2013 em Montevideo. S. pneumoniae foi isolada em laboratórios locais e a soro tipificação &#8220;quellung&#8221; foi realizada nos Laboratórios do Departamento de Saúde Pública. Foram processadas 831 amostras e recuperado 54,8% de pneumococo (n = 456), dos quais 223 foram tipificados. Antes da vacinação, o estudo mostrou transporte de sorotipos invasores, principalmente dos sorotipos 6A, 6B, 14, 19F, todos incluídos na vacina 13-valente. Na clínica de HIV, a colonização invasiva de pneumococos foi muito menor, e o estudo pós-vacinação mostrou o desaparecimento quase total das cepas invasivas (6/93), principalmente dos sorotipos menos comuns, o que sugere a necessidade de aumentar a vigilância no monitoramento da dinâmica de colonização de crianças.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vacuna neumocóccica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunidad colectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pneumococcal vaccine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Herd immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Vacina pneumocócica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Imunidade coletiva]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Groot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation the key to pneumococcal disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>144-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estado de portador de neumococo en niños y su relación con la enfermedad invasiva ¿Qué ha cambiado tras la introducción de la vacuna conjugada?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>457-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deloria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoszek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freimanis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reithinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five the pneumococcal global serotype project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jourdain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smeesters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dramaix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sputael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malaviolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in preschool children from different socio-economic origins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Infect]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>907-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakhshaee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naderi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghazvini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotoudeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashtiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>269</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1127-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostiæ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zadravec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajduk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trotiæ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in healthy preschool children during winter-spring months]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Coll Antropol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>415-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ercibengoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arostegi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marimón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamics of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending a day care center in northern Spain Influence of detection techniques on the results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skevaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsialta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trochoutsou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logotheti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makrinioti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associations between viral and bacterial potential pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with and without respiratory symptoms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1296-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCullers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartmess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of neuraminidase in lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>187</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1000-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petraitiene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alasevicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staceviciene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaiciuniene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kacergius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Usonis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of treptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization on the clinical outcome of the respiratory tract infections in preschool children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zampiero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terranova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ierardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascolese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daleno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pneumococcal bacterial load colonization as a marker of mixed infection in children with alveolar community-acquired pneumonia and respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1199-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricketson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanderkooi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demczuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends in asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Calgary, Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>724-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausdorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feikin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>83-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reemplazo de serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae en niños con vacuna conjugada antineumocóccica 7V en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publ Mex]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>O'Brien K.Nohynek H</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Report from a WHO Working Group standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>e1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talbot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandileone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casagrande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agudelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of an International External Quality Assurance Model to support Laboratory Investigation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, developed for the SIREVA projet in Latin America from 1993-2005]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3184-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogdasy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colonizing and invasive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Uruguayan children type distribution and patterns of antibiotic resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>648-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequency, type and associated diseases of bacteria and virus in the oropharynx of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>128-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Algorta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cedrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giachetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of universal pneumococcal vaccination on hospitalizations for pneumonia and meningitis in children in Montevideo, Uruguay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>669-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iraola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the incidence of pneumonia in hospitalized children after five years of its introduction in Uruguay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speranza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine-type invasive disease among children in Uruguay an evaluation using existing data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl 3</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl 3</issue>
<supplement>Suppl 3</supplement>
<page-range>C109-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardinal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Félix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Uruguay, a middle-income country]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Direct and indirect effects of PCV13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV13 unique pneumococcal serotypes in Massachusetts' children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Infect Dis J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>504-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gratten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gratten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siwi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple colonization of the upper respiratory tract of Papua New Guinea children with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>501-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuorti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevention of pneumococcal disease among infants and children - use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MMWR Recomm Rep]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>RR-11</numero>
<issue>RR-11</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seymour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fasching]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of functional secretory IgA responses in breast milk, by pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>186</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1422-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Englund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheesman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maccato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the third trimester of gestation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccine]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>826-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berezin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huziwara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sliva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in infants of mothers immunized with 23V non-conjugate pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Trop Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>348-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
