<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2301-1513</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de Investigación en Arquitectura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[An. Investig. Arquit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2301-1513</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad ORT Uruguay]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2301-15132024000101203</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18861/ania.2024.14.1.3804</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Herencia del pasado, desafíos del presente. Colonialismo de datos contemporáneo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Legacy of the past, challenges of the present. Contemporary data colonialism.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Legado do passado, desafios do presente. Colonialismo de dados contemporáneo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dicarlo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro Moncada]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de estudios superiores de administración CESA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad CEU San Pablo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2301-15132024000101203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El surgimiento de las redes masivas de comunicación gracias a Internet ha generado un cambio significativo en la sociedad al permitir un acceso sin precedentes a la información. Este fenómeno ha propiciado la recolección y explotación de datos, dando lugar al concepto de colonialismo de datos, que implica la dominación y explotación de los datos por parte de naciones o empresas líderes, similar a la explotación de recursos ocurrido durante el colonialismo histórico. El uso y aprovechamiento de los datos por empresas tecnológicas está en constante crecimiento, dando lugar a lo que se conoce como un asentamiento digital, donde un pequeño grupo de empresas expanden su influencia al incorporar nuevos usuarios en espacios digitales ya establecidos o en territorios digitales emergentes. Un análisis del estado actual del colonialismo de datos revela el impacto significativo de Facebook y YouTube destacando como principales redes sociales colonizadoras, mientras que la corporación Meta, que engloba a Facebook, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp e Instagram, surge como el principal protagonista en la colonización de datos a nivel global.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The emergence of massive communication networks thanks to the Internet has generated a significant change in society by allowing unprecedented access to information. This phenomenon has led to the collection and exploitation of data, giving rise to the concept of data colonialism, which implies the domination and exploitation of data by nations or leading companies, similar to the exploitation of resources that occurred during historical colonialism. The use and exploitation of data by technology companies is constantly growing, giving rise to what is known as a digital settlement, where a small group of companies expand their influence by incorporating new users in already established digital spaces or in emerging digital territories. An analysis of the current state of data colonialism reveals the significant impact of Facebook and YouTube standing out as the main colonizing social networks, while the Meta corporation, which encompasses Facebook, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram, emerges as the main player in data colonization at a global level.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O aparecimento de redes de comunicação de massas graças à Internet gerou uma mudança significativa na sociedade ao permitir um acesso sem precedentes à informação. Este fenómeno conduziu à recolha e exploração de dados, dando origem ao conceito de colonialismo de dados, que implica o domínio e a exploração de dados por nações ou empresas líderes, à semelhança da exploração de recursos que ocorreu durante o colonialismo histórico. A utilização e a exploração de dados por empresas tecnológicas estão em constante crescimento, dando origem ao que é conhecido como colonização digital, em que um pequeno grupo de empresas expande a sua influência incorporando novos utilizadores em espaços digitais estabelecidos ou em territórios digitais emergentes. Uma análise do estado atual do colonialismo de dados revela o impacto significativo do Facebook e do YouTube, que se destacam como as principais redes sociais colonizadoras, enquanto a corporação Meta, que engloba o Facebook, o Facebook Messenger, o WhatsApp e o Instagram, surge como o principal interveniente na colonização global de dados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo histórico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo de datos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asentamiento digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo por asentamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo por explotación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo interior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neocolonialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extracción de datos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historical colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[digital settlement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[colonialism by settlement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[colonialism by exploitation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[internal colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[commercial colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neocolonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data extraction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo histórico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo de dados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonização digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo por colonização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo por exploração]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo interno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialismo comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[neocolonialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[extração de dados]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acemoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[American Economic Association The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett-Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neocolonialism. In Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>312-4</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brigg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maddison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moodie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strakosch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping the spatial politics of Australian settler colonialism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Geography]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>102855</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhuiyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F. U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Domination and Exploitation: The Primary Aims or the By-Products of Colonization?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>436-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal Colonialism and Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy Today]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shakespear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Han Studies Through the Lens of Internal Colonialism: China, Guangdong, and Hong Kong]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Sociology]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>141-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cocq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data Colonialism and Data Sovereignty in indigenous spaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde del Rio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estructura mediática de tiktok: estudio de caso de la red social de los más jóvenes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias de La Comunicación e Información]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>59-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couldry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La colonización de los datos desde una perspectiva histórica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CIDOB]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couldry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making data colonialism liveable: How might data&#8217;s social order be regulated?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Internet Policy Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couldry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The cost of Connection - How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couldry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Costs of Connection. In The Costs of Connection]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Datareportal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Portal de datos estadísticos de redes sociales, internet y otros]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Coss&#8208;Corzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Infrastructures of Internal Colonialism: State, Environment, and Race in Lerma, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antipode]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>810-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Coss&#8208;Corzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Infrastructures of Internal Colonialism: State, Environment, and Race in Lerma, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antipode]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>810-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Facebook.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pagina sobre la política de privacidad de meta]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gekker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotliar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[THE DATA CENTER CANNOT HOLD: DATA COLONIALISM AND THE &#8220;NIMBUS PROJECT.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gettler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Bounded Land: Reflections on Settler Colonialism in Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ethnohistory]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Go]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colonialism and Neocolonialism. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>1-3</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Google.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política de privacidad de youtube]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[More than Extraction: Rethinking Data&#8217;s Colonial Political Economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Political Sociology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigoryev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morozkina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colonialism Matters: Benefits of Metropoles with a Focus on India and Great Britain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strategic Analysis]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>585-600</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigoryev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morozkina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colonialism Matters: Benefits of Metropoles with a Focus on India and Great Britain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strategic Analysis]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>585-600</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruppert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data&#8217;s empire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Data Politics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>207-27</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Commerce and Colonisation: Studies of Early Modern Merchant Capitalism in the Atlantic Economy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scandinavian Economic History Review]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>264-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introduction: Exploitation, Colonialism, and Postcolonial Misrule in Africa]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>a</month>
<page-range>1-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introduction: Exploitation, Colonialism, and Postcolonial Misrule in Africa]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>b</month>
<page-range>1-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colonial rule and its effects on India&#8217;s rural economy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>277-88</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[J. S. Asian Stud]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karsgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Visions for Anti-colonial Digital Methods]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>231-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharitonova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sannikova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Leadership of Big Tech Companies in the Data Market: Legal Opportunities and Antitrust Frameworks]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 6thInternational Conference on Social, Economic, and Academic Leadership]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Colonial Spaces in the Philippines]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colonialism]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DigitalColonialism : US Empire and the New Imperialism in the Global South]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laarman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dutch colonization and settlement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. Wiley]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Impact. In The Routledge Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Latin American Literary and Cultural Forms]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>31-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Power and domination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Power]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>97-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couldry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Giving by Taking Away: Big Tech, DataColonialism , and the Reconfiguration of Social Good]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Big Data Divide and Its Consequences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Machine Learning and the City]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>547-59</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Meltwater.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Empresa que realiza inteligencia competitiva]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Archaeology of Settler Colonialism in North America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>475-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subordinated by the algorithm: Exploring data colonialism among Latin America citizens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data colonialism: compelling and useful, but whither epistemes?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1511-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The East India Company 1784-1834]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Why ColonialismIs Wrong. Current Legal Problems]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Settler Colonialism. In Settler Colonialism , Race, and the Law]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>41-56</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[New York University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slynchuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Big Brother Brands Report: Which Companies Access Our Personal Data the Most?]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smithers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Settler Colonialism and Indigenous Americans. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colonies-Colonization-Colonialism : A typological reappraisal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Statista</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Portal de datos estadísticos]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Statista</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Potential advertising reach of TikTok in Africa as of 2022, by region]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stürmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nussbaumer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stöckli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security implications of digitalization: The dangers of data colonialism and the way towards sustainable and sovereign management of environmental data]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tait]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Reis Peron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Terrestrial politics and body-territory: two concepts to make sense of digital colonialism in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre el colonialismo digital.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[InMediaciones de La Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>89-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tiktok</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pagina sobre la política de privacidad de meta]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>X/twitter.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política de privacidad de X/Twitter]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uzoigwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neocolonialism Is Dead: Long Live Neocolonialism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Global South Studies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Wechat.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política de privacidad WeChat]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The class consequences of colonialism in Africa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
