<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1688-1281</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cirugía del Uruguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. Urug.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1688-1281</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad de Cirugía del Uruguay]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1688-12812025000101205</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31837/cir.urug/9.1.12</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Licencia por maternidad y paternidad en cirujanos del Uruguay.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maternity and paternity leave for surgeons in Uruguay.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Licença-maternidade e paternidade para cirurgiões no Uruguai.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerchiari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariella]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Udelar Facultad de Medicina Hospital Pasteur]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Udelar Facultad de Medicina Clínica Quirúrgica 3. Hospital Maciel]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Florida  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Círculo Católico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1688-12812025000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1688-12812025000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1688-12812025000101205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: El aumento de mujeres que cursan la residencia de cirugía general, pone en discusión los temas de embarazo, licencia maternal y cuidados infantiles en esta especialidad. La licencia por maternidad se asocia con beneficios en la salud física y mental de la madre y del niño, incluyendo la disminución de la mortalidad infantil. Promueve el inicio, mantenimiento y duración de la lactancia. UNICEF recomienda un mínimo de 18 semanas de licencia por maternidad; en Uruguay se otorgan 13 semanas en los empleos públicos. No se han encontrado publicaciones que indaguen este tema a nivel nacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar el uso de la licencia por maternidad y paternidad, y secundariamente el uso del medio horario por cuidados así como dar inicio a la discusión sobre este tema en el ámbito de la cirugía general. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se confeccionó una encuesta anónima y voluntaria con preguntas múltiple opción distribuida a cirujanos y residentes de cirugía general de Uruguay, entre agosto y octubre de 2023. Los resultados se procesaron mediante tablas y gráficos. Resultados: a nivel público 35% de las mujeres encuestadas tomó licencia por menos de 3 meses. Este valor es de 39% en el ámbito privado. De las trabajadoras con actividad independiente un 20% no tomó licencia y un 65% tomó licencia no remunerada. Entre los varones, 39% de los encuestados no tomó licencia por paternidad; los que sí lo hicieron fue por menos de 10 días en un 53% de casos. Discusión: los beneficios en la salud materna y del recién nacido de la licencia maternal paga están bien establecidos. Parece haber un sub aprovechamiento de la misma en los profesionales encuestados, sobre todo a nivel independiente en donde los profesionales que facturan pierden este beneficio. Conclusiones: discutir las implicancias de estos períodos de licencia aporta un estado de situación que permite el trabajo del colectivo a en favor de promover estos derechos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: the increase of women in general surgery residency brings to discussion the subjects of pregnancy, maternity leave and child care. Maternity leave is associated with beneficial effects on the physical and mental health of mothers and children including decrease in infant mortality. It promotes initiation, maintenance and duration of breastfeeding. UNICEF recommends at least 18 weeks of paid maternity leave. In Uruguay public employees have 13 weeks of maternity leave. There are no publications about this subject in a national capacity. The aim of this article is to quantify the use of maternity and paternity leave primarily, and the use of part time for child care secondarily. Materials and methods: observational, descriptive, retrospective study. An anonymous survey with multiple choice questions was distributed to surgeons and surgical residents in Uruguay between August and October 2023. The results were processed in graphs and tables. Results: in the public sector. 35% of surveyed women took less than 3 months of maternity leave. This number is 39% in private institutions. Of all self-employed women, 65% took non-paid leave and 20% had no maternity leave. 39% of surveyed males did not take paternity leave; between those who did take it, 53% was for less than 10 days. Discussion: paid maternity leave benefits in newborns and mothers&#8217; health are well established. There seems to be an underuse of maternity and paternity leave in the population surveyed, mainly in independent workers where the professionals lose this benefit. Conclusions: discussing maternity leave and its implications gives us an overview of the state of affairs that allows surgeons to work in favor of these rights.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Introdução: o aumento de mulheres na residência de cirurgia geral levanta questões sobre gravidez, licença de maternidade e cuidados infantis. A licença maternidade está associada a benefícios à saúde física e mental da mãe e da criança, incluindo a diminuição da mortalidade infantil. Promove o início, manutenção e maior duração da amamentação. A UNICEF recomenda um mínimo de 18 semanas de licença maternal. No Uruguai, são concedidas 13 semanas para os empregados públicos. Não há publicações investigando este tema em nível nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar o uso da licença de maternidade e paternidade, e secundariamente o uso do meio horário laboral para os cuidados dos recém-nascidos. Materiais e Métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo. Foi elaborada uma pesquisa anônima e voluntária com perguntas de múltipla escolha, distribuída para cirurgiãs e residentes de cirurgia geral do Uruguai, entre agosto e outubro de 2023. Os resultados foram processados em tabelas e gráficos. Resultados: no setor público, 35% das entrevistadas tiraram licença por menos de 3 meses. Esse valor é de 39% no setor privado. Entre as trabalhadoras autônomas, 65% tiraram licença não remunerada e 20% não tiraram licença. 39% dos homens entrevistados não tiraram licença de paternidade, e entre aqueles que tiraram, 53% o fizeram por menos de 10 dias. Discussão: os benefícios para a saúde materna e do recém-nascido da licença maternidade remunerada estão bem estabelecidos. Parece haver subutilização dessa licença entre os profissionais entrevistados, especialmente no setor autônomo onde os profissionais que faturam perdem esse benefício. Conclusões: discutir as implicações desses períodos de licença contribui para um panorama que favorece o trabalho coletivo em prol da promoção desses direitos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Licencia maternal paga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[licencia por paternidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud materna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leave]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[general surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maternal health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[licença maternidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cirurgia geral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde materna]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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