SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.19 número29Perfil de salud bucal de niños que concurrieron a Servicios Odontológicos Universitarios en Porto Alegre (Brasil) y Córdoba (Argentina)Frecuencia y características de hallazgos endodónticos en radiografías panorámicas digitales índice de autoresíndice de materiabúsqueda de artículos
Home Pagelista alfabética de revistas  

Servicios Personalizados

Revista

Articulo

Links relacionados

Compartir


Odontoestomatología

versión impresa ISSN 0797-0374versión On-line ISSN 1688-9339

Odontoestomatología vol.19 no.29 Montevideo jun. 2017

https://doi.org/10.22592/ode2017n29p64 

Articles

Assessment of the impact on quality of life in adult patients treated with new complete removable dentures

Valentina Degrandi1 

Marcel Betancourt2 

Anunzziatta Fabruccini3 

Fernando Fuentes4 

1Clínica de Rehabilitación, Prostodoncia Removible 1 y Gerodontología. Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República

2Clínica de Rehabilitación, Prostodoncia Removible 1 y Gerodontología. Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República

3Clínica de Odontopediatría y del Servicio de Epidemiología y Estadística. Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República

4Clínica de Rehabilitación, Prostodoncia Removible 1 y Gerodontología. Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República. fuenteslourerio@gmail.com


Abstract:

This work was done under the current appreciation that both medicine and dentistry currently have of improving the quality of life (QL) of patients with finished treatments. The aim of this study was to research whether there was an improvement in the Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQL) on bimaxillary toothless adult patients rehabilitated with new complete dentures in a Clinic of Removable Prosthodontics in the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. One hundred bimaxillary edentulous adult patients were included. They did not have an intellectual disability nor a systemic disease affecting their oral functions. To measure the OHRQL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used. The scores studied were: before the rehabilitation (pretreatment) 9.42 ± 7.79, at the moment of the patient’s discharge (immediate follow-up) 3.13 ± 4.49 and three months after the discharge (intermediate follow-up) 2.13 ± 3.32. We observed a reduction between the first and the second measurements (p<0.001), which was greater when comparing the first with the third measurement (p<0.001).

The results obtained indicate that there was a significant statistical improvement of the OHRQL as perceived by the surveyed patients.

Keywords: quality of life; complete dentures; OHIP-14; elderly

Resumen

El presente trabajo fue realizado en el marco de la valorización actual que tanto la Medicina como la Odontología hacen de la obtención de mejora en la Calidad de Vida (CV) de los pacientes, con los tratamientos instaurados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar si existía mejora en la Calidad de Vida en Relación a la Salud Oral (CVRSO) de los pacientes adultos desdentados bimaxilares rehabilitados con nuevos juegos de prótesis totales en una Clínica de Prostodoncia Removible de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República, en Uruguay. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes adultos, desdentados bimaxilares, que no presentaron discapacidad intelectual ni enfermedades sistémicas que afectaran sus funciones orales. Para medir la CVRSO se utilizó el instrumento de medición Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Fueron analizadas las puntuaciones antes de la rehabilitación (pre-tratamiento) con resultado de 9,42 ± 7,79, en el momento del alta del paciente (control inmediato) con resultado de 3,13 ± 4,49 y luego de 3 meses de dada el alta (control mediato) con 2,13 ± 3,32. Se observó una disminución entre la primera y segunda medición (p<0,001) que se acentuó al comparar la primera con la tercera medición (p<0,001). Los resultados obtenidos señalan que existió mejoría estadísticamente significativa de la CVRSO percibida por los pacientes encuestados.

Palabras claves: calidad de vida; prótesis total; ohip-14; adulto mayor

Introduction

  

Health-related quality of life

  

The earliest reports on the concept of QL date back to the 1950s, according to Botero and Pico1. However, it was only in the 1980s that it was widely incorporated into health status assessments.

One of the definitions of QL most commonly found in the literature is that of Felce and Perry2), who state that it is “a combination of life conditions and satisfaction with these life conditions weighted by scales of personal values, aspirations, or expectations”. This definition shows that the concept of QL is not strictly objective, it also has subjective elements. There are sociological approaches that give great importance to quality of life assessments, especially in the elderly3. QL has been classified into the following three levels: a high level, involving complete satisfaction of the individual with life and the feeling of well-being; a medium level with a broad domain of satisfaction comprising the four categories: physical condition and functional abilities, psychological state and well-being, social interactions and economic condition; and a low level of dissatisfaction, indicated by specific aspects of several diseases4. Health is one of the factors to be assessed in the broad concept of quality of life. Health in relation to QL is a multidimensional concept representing a combination of overall health and the perception one has of their health or current or potential disability. In general, disease and disability are complemented with domains that reflect social, psychological and physical functions, as well as health perceptions and opportunity5.

Both medicine and dentistry are currently not exclusively based on evaluating health status, or diagnosing and treating disease, but also on considering the perception the patient has of the extent to which their quality of life is compromised by these organic problems. There is no doubt that oral diseases can influence the QL of individuals because they affect their masticatory or phonetic function, physical appearance and social life5,6. Furthermore, the increase in the life expectancy of the population entails an increase in the needs, especially in this age group, to assess the QL gained with dental treatments6. Consequently, the concept of quality of life has been incorporated and become increasingly relevant for oral health. OHRQL has been defined as a multi-dimensional and self-reported assessment that measures the impact of oral conditions on daily activities. It is more and more used to assess oral health, as a guideline for prioritizing resource investment, as an indicator for measuring the efficacy in oral health interventions and the results of dental care in groups of elderly people7.

OHRQL measurement instruments

Two of the indicators or instruments used most frequently to measure the OHRQL are the “Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index” (GOHAI), currently renamed “General Oral Health Assessment Index”8 and the “Oral Health Impact Profile” (OHIP). In 1994, Slade and Spencer9 described the so-called “Oral Health Impact Profile - 49” (OHIP-49) based on 49 questions about 7 dimensions connected to oral health: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, social disability and handicap. Each question is scored on the Likert scale and weighed with a decimal to obtain the final value. Thus, the lower the score, the better the quality of life is considered to be. Participants must complete a self-administered questionnaire using the above-mentioned scale: never (value 0), hardly ever (value 1), occasionally (value 2), fairly often (value 3), very often (value 4).

Due to the fact that the 49-item instrument was too long and made epidemiological studies difficult, in 1997, Slade10 published a summarized version of the index, the “Oral Health Impact Profile - 14” (OHIP-14), which has 14 questions, 2 from every dimension of the original index, and is intended for measuring the functional limitation, as well as the psychological and social disability in relation to the oral condition. Even though some authors11,12 claim that using it entails some risks that can affect its accuracy, as a psychometric instrument, OHIP-14 has shown a high degree of coincidence with the 49-question original. It is now regarded as the instrument of choice for measuring OHRQL in elderly patients because it is reliable, sensitive to change, has cross-cultural consistency and has been validated in several languages and used in multiple studies10,13-18. Moreover, the OHIP-14 is more efficiently applied because it achieves a 100% answer rate, avoiding bias tiredness and memory biases of the respondent, which is even more important for the elderly population19.

However, a limitation of the OHIP-14 is that some items of interest for the assessment of prosthodontic treatments were excluded, which can affect the measurement properties in evaluating the results. In studies of edentulous patients20,21 there was a high prevalence of “0” scores (i.e., no impact) for most of the 14 items. This phenomenon, called “floor effects”, makes measuring the impact of the change of interventions difficult. In view of this, Allen and Locker proposed, in 200221, a shortened version of the OHIP for edentulous adults called OHIP-EDENT.

Quality of life in edentulous patients

 The OHRQL has proven to be inferior in edentulous patients than in dentate patients. Completely edentulous patients who do not wear dentures are those with the worst OHRQL9,22,23.

For a long time, completely edentulous patients have been rehabilitated with complete removable dentures to improve their QL, but there has been no scientific confirmation of this mission. There are currently authors who claim that the use of QL indicators, combined with objective clinical tests, can help with the decision to make new dentures22,24. The QL of edentulous patients is improved with properly working dentures, since they contribute to functional comfort, a better appearance and they also improve the patient’s social life. Although unstable or uncomfortable dentures can have a negative impact on QL22, there are contradictions regarding the influence of replacing old dentures. On the one hand, there are those who report that it improves function and psychological comfort24,25, but others did not notice significant improvement26,27. A moderate positive correlation between the satisfaction of patients and the quality of the dentures used has also been found, as improvements in chewing, speaking and confidence when the qualities of dentures were improved28,29.

Aim of this study

The aim of this study was to research the influence of rehabilitation with complete removable dentures (CRD) on the quality of life of patients treated in the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República. The goal was to present evidence that the Quality of Life of bimaxillary toothless adult patients improves after having new complete dentures made, using the OHIP-14.

  

Materials and methods

  

Sample

We conducted a longitudinal study aimed at bimaxillary edentulous adult patients who sought care at the Rehabilitation, Removable Prosthodontics I and Gerodontology Clinic of the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República.

All patients treated by undergraduate studies during the clinical course of rehabilitation of complete edentulous patients in 2012 were included. The patients who were included met the following requirements: completely bimaxillary edentulous patients who already wore dentures and sought rehabilitation with new bimaxillary CRD, with no intellectual disability that could prevent them from understanding the questionnaires and without any systemic disease affecting their oral functions (these aspects were determined based on the medical records regularly used in the course). One hundred patients were invited to participate, 91% of whom agreed and, of those, 74% completed the study (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Flow diagram of the study. 

Ethical considerations

The research project was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (Approved on 3 August 2011).

Each patient was given verbal and written advice on the study that would be conducted. After agreeing to participate in the study, patients were asked to sign a written informed consent. To ensure participant confidentiality, the database created did not disclose their identities.

Questionnaire and procedures

The details about sex, age and OHRQL were collected using a questionnaire. The OHRQL was assessed using the “Oral Health Impact Profile -14” (OHIP -14)10. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire using the 0-4 scale of the index mentioned above9,10. As suggested by Slade6,10,30, said score was multiplied by the corresponding weight for each question as follows: question 1: 0.51, question 2: 0.49, question 3: 0.34, question 4: 0.66, question 5: 0.45, question 6: 0.55, question 7: 0.52, question 8: 0.48, question 9: 0.60, question 10: 0.40, question 11: 0.62, question 12: 0.38, question 13: 0.59, and question 14: 0.41. Thus, the lower the patient’s score, the better their assessment of their quality of life.

The OHIP-14 used in this study was validated and adapted to Spanish15(Figure 2). Two trained operators delivered and explained the questionnaire to participants and remained by their side to answer any possible doubts. The OHIP -14 was applied three different times: 1) during the visit at the Clinic, but before receiving the new dentures, in order to assess the quality of life before the treatment was finished (pretreatment); 2) four weeks after the installation of the new dentures at the time of the patient’s discharge (immediate follow-up); and 3) during a follow-up visit three months after the installation of the new dentures (intermediate follow-up).

Figure 2: The OHIP-14 used 

 

Statistical analysis

A descriptive analysis of the following variables was carried out: sex, age groups and OHRQL through the OHIP-14 globally in three months of assessment. Pretreatment, immediate and intermediate follow-up OHRQL values were compared. Since the OHRQL measurements did not follow a normal distribution, nonparametric statistical tests were used for the comparative analysis (Wilcoxon test for paired data) and the statistical significance was set at 5%. The PSPP Public Social Private Partnership software (http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/faq.html) was used.

The effect size for the OHIP-14 scores was also calculated to measure responsiveness or sensitivity to change. The effect size is a measurement based on the distribution of the value of the change detected. It is calculated by dividing the mean of the difference between the pre and post-treatment scores by the standard deviation of the pretreatment score. The higher the value of the effect size, the higher the sensitivity of the OHIP-14 to detect the change in the OHRQL will be. Cohen (31)described the probable effect sizes according to their clinical significance as follows: 0.2 as small, <=0.6 as moderate, and > = 0.8 as large.

Results

Of the 100 bimaxillary edentulous patients invited to participate in the study, 91% agreed to participate and completed the questionnaires before (pretreatment) and after (immediate follow-up) the installation of the dentures, and 74% completed the questionnaire at the time of discharge (immediate control). Despite having lost 26% of patients, the men to women ratios remained the same throughout the study (Figure 1). Ages ranged from 40 to 85, with an average of 64 years (9.84) at the beginning of the study. Table 1 shows the distribution of the population according to sex and age group.

Table 1: Frequency distribution of the population according to demographics at the end of the study 

n %
Sex
Men 30 33.0
Women 61 67.0
Age groups
≤ 60 years 37 40.7
> 60 years 54 59.3
Total 91 100

 

Global scores were 9.42 (± 7.79), 3.13 (± 4.49) and 2.13 (± 3.32) at pretreatment, immediate and intermediate follow-up, respectively. We observed a reduction of the index between the first and the second measurements, which was even greater in the third measurement. In addition, we observed that the variability in the scores in the immediate and intermediate follow-up was higher. Finally, the effect size obtained when comparing the change of the impact on QL was 0.44 after the installation of the dentures (immediate follow-up) and 0.52 after three months (intermediate follow-up). Sensitivity to change was moderate (Table 2).

Table 2: Global score, and score by sex and age group of the OHIP-14. Mean, standard deviation (ST) and coefficient of variation (CV) at the beginning (pretreatment), at the immediate (n=91) and intermediate follow-up (n=67) 

 

The OHIP-14 score for both sexes decreased between the first and second measurement, but was higher among women (7.16 points), than among men (4.51 points). The largest drop between the second and third follow-up measurements was shown by men (almost 2 points) (Figure 3). The variability in scores by sex was similar in the two first instances of the assessment, with the variability in the intermediate follow-up being greater for women than for men (Table 2).

Regarding age groups, (≤ 60 years of age and > 60 years of age) both showed a similar drop in the OHIP-14 that was between 6.07 and 6.45 between the beginning and the immediate follow-up, and between 0.95 and 1.08 between the immediate and intermediate follow-up (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Global OHIP-14 scores, and scores by sex and age groups in the three instances of the assessment. The bars represent the mean scores (dark green: pretreatment, green: immediate follow-up; light green: intermediate follow-up). The black lines represent the standard deviation. 

Considering the asymmetry in the distribution of OHIP-14 global scores, nonparametric comparisons were conducted of the medians at pretreatment (md=8.29) and the immediate follow-up (md=1.39) and the difference was statistically significant. We also found a statistically significant difference when comparing the medians at pretreatment and the intermediate follow-up after three months (md=0.40). However, no significant difference was found in the medians between the immediate and the immediate follow-ups (Table 3).

Table 3: Comparison of the pretreatment, immediate follow-up and intermediate follow-up OHIP-14 scores. 

Discussion

During the care provided at the Clinic of Removable Prosthodontics in the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, a positive bond is formed, which often extends throughout the year, between patients, and students and faculty members. Patients feel heard, supported and understood, which generates social conditions that contribute to their quality of life, consistent with what was found in previous studies1.

According to the current state of knowledge, it is clearly essential to include quality of life in the assessment of the outcomes of treatments performed at the dentistry clinic4. The care provided to completely edentulous adults at the Clinic of Complete Removable Prosthodontics in the School of Dentistry has been historically perceived as having a great social value, not just for what was mentioned above, but also due to the results regularly obtained with the dentures made. There are numerous works in the literature regarding the degree of satisfaction obtained with the dentures, but only recently has the study of the improvement in the quality of life been incorporated24-30.

Acknowledging as a weakness of this work that the OHIP-EDENT was not used, the choice of the OHIP-14 was motivated by a comparative study that indicates that the OHIP-14 places more emphasis on psychosocial factors than the GOHAI32. However, the OHIP-14 version was criticized for having a limited ability to detect the impact of QL among patients who wear complete removable dentures. To overcome this weakness, Allen and Locker21 created the OHIP-EDENT, and compared the ability to detect change in the OHRQL between the OIHP-14 and OHIP-EDENT through the effect size, which was small for the OHIP-14 = 0.20 and moderate for the OHIP-EDENT = 0.40 among patients treated with removable dentures. Although the main limitation of this study was not using the OHIP-EDENT instrument, which is better at detecting the change in the OHRQL in the completely edentulous population, our results showed an effect size in OHIP-14 equal to 0.44 between pretreatment and the immediate follow-up, and it increased to 0.52 between the pretreatment and the intermediate follow-ups. This showed greater sensitivity for detecting the change in OHRQL in these patients than the one reported by Allen and Locker for the OHIP-EDENT.

There are various studies in the literature that show, on the one hand, a loss of QL with edentation33 and, on the other hand, an improvement in the quality of life when comparing the situation of completely edentulous patients before and after being rehabilitated with removable implant-supported dentures34-35. However, the results are not as uniform when comparing the situation of patients with old conventional removable dentures to that of patients after receiving new or improved dentures. In this study, when comparing the global scores from before the installation of the new dentures and the ones received one month after the installation (immediate follow-up), and the ones received before and three months after the dentures were installed (intermediate follow-up), we observed a statistically significant improvement in the impact on the QL of patients. These results contradict some authors26 who claim that, although patients may need to have their dentures replaced after a wear and tear period, this does not necessarily have a significant impact on their quality of life. But they are consistent with others24,29,36, who claim that most patients with complete ill-fitting dentures find moderate or full satisfaction and an improvement in chewing and confidence after the dentures are adjusted or after rehabilitation with new dentures.

Although a sample was taken for convenience reasons, all the patients treated during the clinical course of rehabilitation of complete edentulous patients in 2012 who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate. The number of patients who participated and remained in the study enabled us to obtain representative, valid results for this population. Another limitation of this study is the fact that patients were treated by undergraduate students, which weakened the control of the interventions, so greater variability could have been introduced into the results. This was attenuated through the regular quality control of prosthetic treatments that an expert operator does on all of the works performed every year. The mean scores of the sum of the OHIP-14 values found in the answers of the patients studied were: 9.42 (pretreatment), 3.13 (immediate follow-up, after one month) and 2.13 (intermediate follow-up, after three months). The smaller difference in the improvement of QL between the immediate and intermediate follow-ups can be due to the fact that patients perceive a smaller impact when comparing the used dentures to the new ones, whereas during the period of adjustment of the new dentures there are fewer chances for comparison.

The difference between the mean QL scores between the pretreatment and immediate follow-up measurements was higher for women (7.16 points) than for men (4.51 points). This difference was maintained between the pretreatment and intermediate follow-up scores, although with a lower magnitude, being 7.71 and 6.43, respectively. These results are consistent with others from population studies in which women have higher values for the impact on the OHRQL (37-38). Although an analysis of this difference was not an objective of this study, such difference could be due to an unbalanced sex ratio in the sample studied (2:1 in favor of women).

Furthermore, we found no differences in the OHIP-14 scores in the three instances of assessments between the different age groups, which is consistent with population studies16,38 where elderly adults did not have a greater impact on the OHRQL versus young adults, but rather the opposite. These results expose the paradoxical association that elderly adults have a better subjective perception of their health, considering that the deterioration of oral health is a natural part of growing older. This study did not analyze the age group as a predictor of the impact on the OHRQL, although descriptive results show that there are no differences in the perception of oral health among individuals under 60 years of age and the elderly.

Conclusions

In the last decades, the concept of quality of life appeared as an essential component in the assessment of human health. In this context, this study has contributed to enlarge the knowledge on the importance of dental care, in general, and prosthodontic care in particular, for the quality of life of completely edentulous adult patients.

Using the OHIP-14 measurement instrument, it was possible to prove, for the group being studied, that there was a significant difference on the perception of improvement of the quality of life relative to oral health after the installation of complete removable dentures. The results of the study allow us infer that, in the context of the care provided at the Clinic of Complete Removable Prosthodontics of the School of Dentistry, in the state university of Uruguay, there is a positive impact on the quality of life of completely edentulous patients treated by students.

This work is the beginning, at the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, of a line of research on QL connected to the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with removable dentures. Assessing the impact of rehabilitation with partial removable dentures was not within the scope of the study. Other studies that also involve partially edentulous patients are necessary in order to obtain results with a greater impact. We suggest the OHIP-EDENT instrument instead of OHIP-14 for said studies, as it is the instrument of choice.

Referencias

1. Botero de Mejía B, Pico Merchán M. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos mayores de 6 años: una aproximación teórica. Hacia la Promoción de la Salud. 2007; 12: 11-24. [ Links ]

2. Felce D, Perry J. Quality of life. Its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental disabilities. 1995; 16(1): 51-74. [ Links ]

3. Vera M. Significado de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor para si mismo y para su familia. An Fac Med Lima. 2007; 68(3): 284-290. [ Links ]

4. Yoshida M, Sato Y, Akagawa Y, Hiasa K. Correlation between quality of life and denture satisfaction in elderly complete denture wearers. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2001; 14(1):77-80. [ Links ]

5. Gift HC, Atchison KA, Dayton CM. Conceptualizing oral health and oral health-related quality of life. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44: 601-608. [ Links ]

6. Misrachi C, Espinoza I. Utilidad de las mediciones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Rev Dent Chile. 2005; 96(2):28-35. [ Links ]

7. Sanders AE, Slade GD, Lim S, Reisine ST. Impact of oral disease on quality of life in the US and Australian populations. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2009; 37(2):171-181. [ Links ]

8. Atchison KA, Dolan T. Development of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. J Dent Educ 1990; 4:680-687. [ Links ]

9. Slade GD, Spencer AJ. Development and evaluation of the oral health impact profile. Community Dent Health. 1994; 11: 3-11. [ Links ]

10. Slade G. Derivation and validation of a short form oral health impact profile. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997; 25: 284-290. [ Links ]

11. Awad M, Al-Shamrany M, Locker D, Allen F, Feine J. Effect of reducing the number of items of the oral Health Impact Profile responsiveness, validity and reliability in edentulous populations. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Feb;36(1):12-20 [ Links ]

12. Allen F, Locker D. A modified Short Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Edentulous Adults. Int J Prosthodont. 2002; 15(5):446-50. [ Links ]

13. Ikebe K, Waltkins C, Ettinger R, Sajima H, Nokubi T. Application of short-form oral health impact profile on elderly Japanese. Gerodontology 2004; 21: 167-176. [ Links ]

14. De Souza RF, Terada AS, Vecchia MP, Regis RR, Zanini AP, Compagnoni MA. Validation of the Brazilian versions of two inventories for measuring oral health-related quality of life of edentulous subjects. Gerodontology. 2012 Jun;29(2):e88-95 [ Links ]

15. Montero-Martín J. Validation of the oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14 sp) for adults in Spain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009; 14(1): 44-50. [ Links ]

16. López R, Baelum V. Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp). BMC Oral Health [internet]; 2006; 6:11. Cited: 14 feb 2017. Available from: https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6831-6-11Links ]

17. Castrejón-Pérez RC, Borges-Yáñez SA. Derivation of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile in Spanish (OHIP-EE-14). Gerodontology 2012; 29(2):155-158. [ Links ]

18. León S, Bravo-Cavicchioli D, Correa-Beltrán G, Giacaman RA. Validation of the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14Sp) in elderly Chileans. BMC Oral Health [;internet] 2014 Aug 4;14:95. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-95. Cited: 16 feb 2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128544/ [ Links ]

19. Locker D, Allen PF. Developing short-form measures of oral health-related quality of life. J Public Health Dent. 2002; 62(1):13-20. [ Links ]

20. Allen PF, McMillan AS. The impact of tooth loss in a denture wearing population: An assessment using the Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dent Health 1999; 16:176-180. [ Links ]

21. Allen F., Locker D. A Modified Short Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Edentulous Adults. Int J Prosthodont. 2002; 15(5):446-50. [ Links ]

22. Locker D, Jokovic A. Using subjective oral health status indicators to screen for dental care needs in older adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24: 398-402. [ Links ]

23. Silva MES, Villaça EL, Magalhães CS, Ferreira EF. Impacto da perda dentária na qualidade de vida. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva 2010; 15(3): 841-850. [ Links ]

24. Veyrune JL, Tubert-Jeannin S, Dutheil C, Riordan PJ. Impact of new prostheses on the oral health related quality of life of edentulous patients. Gerodontology 2005; 22: 3-9. [ Links ]

25. Adam RZ, Geerts GA, Lalloo R. The impact of new complete dentures on oral health-related quality of life. SADJ 2007; 63(6):264-268. [ Links ]

26. Scott BJJ, Forgie AH, Davis DM. A study to compare the oral health impact profile and satisfaction before and after having replacement complete dentures constructed by either the copy or the conventional technique. Gerodontology 2006; 23: 79-86. [ Links ]

27. Forgie AH, Scott BJJ, Davis DM. A study to compare the oral health impact profile and satisfaction before and after having replacement of complete dentures in England and Scotland. Gerodontology 2005; 22: 137-142. [ Links ]

28. van Waas MA. The influence of clinical variables on patients´ satisfaction with complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 1990 Mar;63(3):307-10 [ Links ]

29. Garrett NR, Kapur KK, Perez P. Effects of improvements of poorly fitting dentures and new dentures on patient satisfaction. J. Prosthet Dent. 1996; 76(4): 403-413. [ Links ]

30. Adulyanon S, Sheiham A. Oral Impacts on Daily Performance. In Slade GD (Ed.), Measuring Oral Heakth and Quality of Life. Chapel Hill: University of North Caroline: Dental Ecology 1997; 1-12. [ Links ]

31. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Academic Press, 1977. [ Links ]

32. Locker D, Matear D, Stephens M, Lawrence H, Payne B. Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001; 29: 373-81. [ Links ]

33. Henriques Simoni JCC, Soares G, Hordonho Santillo PM, Moura C, Santos Gusmão E, de Souza Coelho-Soares R. Impacto del edentulismo en la calidad de vida de individuos brasileños. Acta Odontológica Venezolana [internet] 2013; 51(3). Cited: 16 feb 2017. Available from: http://www.actaodontologica.com/ediciones/2013/3/art9.aspLinks ]

34. Cibirka RM, Razzoog M, Lang BR. Critical evaluation of patient responses to dental implant therapy. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78: 574-581. [ Links ]

35. Boerrigter EM, Stegenga B, Raghoebar GM, Boering G. Patient satisfaction and chewing ability with implantretained mandibular overdentures: a comparison with new complete dentures with or without preprosthetic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53: 1167-1173. [ Links ]

36. Shigli K, Hebbal M. Assessment of changes in oral health-related quality of life among patients with complete dentures before and 1 month post-insertion using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Gerodontology 2010; 27(3): 167-173. [ Links ]

37. Mason J, Pearce MS, Walls AWS, Parker L, Steele JG. How do factors at different stages of the life-course contribute to oral-health-related quality of life in middle age for men and woman? J Dent Res 2006; 85(3):257-261. [ Links ]

38. Slade GD, Sanders AE. The paradox of Better Subjective Oral Health in Older Age. J Dent Res 2011; 90(11):1279-1285. [ Links ]

bold: ; Received: July 18, 2016; bold: ; Accepted: February 21, 2017

Creative Commons License Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons