Introduction:

Immunotherapy is a key strategy in current cancer therapy, and its indications for curative or palliative purposes continue to grow. Its objective is to strengthen the effector immune response against tumor cells with an adverse effect profile different from that of conventional treatments. In this study, we evaluated the profile and frequency of immune-mediated adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients from four institutions in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Methodology:

This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. Data from patients with solid tumors who received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors at four healthcare centers in Montevideo, Uruguay, between 2021 and 2024 were analyzed.

Results:

49.5% (n=47) of patients treated with monotherapy (ICI, ICI+ICI) experienced adverse effects, as did 64.3% (n=9) of those treated with ICI in combination with KIs, and 67.4% (n=33) of those who received ICI in combination with chemotherapy. Overall, the study showed that the population behaved similarly to published records.

Conclusions:

The increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (immunotherapy) in cancer treatment has led to the emergence of a new type of adverse effect, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study reported the adverse effects associated with immunotherapy treatment at four centers in Montevideo, Uruguay. The percentage of irAEs described in this study is consistent with those reported in clinical trials and reviews on the subject.

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