Abstract

MORALES RAMIREZ, María Ascensión. The leading discussions on pension systems. Rev. Fac. Der. [online]. 2021, n.52, suppl., e309.  Epub Dec 01, 2021. ISSN 0797-8316.  https://doi.org/10.22187/rfde2021n52espa14.

After the results seen in the first five years of the 21st century after the pension reforms of the 1990s and the convergence of the conflicting view of the international organizations involved, it became clear that the future trends would be, on the one hand, multi-pillar systems with a mixed contributory approach (pay-and-you-go and individual capitalization) and, on the other hand, a rethinking of the objectives, principles, role and sustainability of the pension system and the definition of the mechanisms for old-age protection. The new discussion in Latin America revolves around which should be the hegemonic pillar of the system, as well as the set of design factors (coverage, benefit adequacy and financial sustainability) and labor market factors (demographics, and labor, tax, and economic policy) that work against the sustainability of pension systems as they are linked to formal employment. The experience and lessons learned in the region over the last decades call for comprehensive, well-planed and long-term strategies to bridge the gap between pension systems and the labor market in order to collectively address insecurity in old age.

Keywords : Pensions; pension system; individual capitalization; pay-as-you-go.

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