Resumen

SANCHEZ TIRADO, JOSE ANTONIO et al. BLOQUEO POPLITEO POR VIA LATERAL EN PACIENTES DE ALTO RIESGO EN CIRUGÍA VASCULAR. Anest Analg Reanim [online]. 2003, vol.18, n.1. ISSN 1688-1273.

INTRODUCTION: In vascular surgery, operations on ischemic lesions located in the third distal part of the lower extremity are frequent. These patients use to be multipathology carriers and frequently present a high anesthetic risk. From among the several anaesthetic techniques, popliteal blockade stands out for its few haemodinamics and respiratory aftermaths, which is usualy accomplished with the patient in prone position, being this fact its principal and bigger inconvenience itself. We describe in this study our experience in this type of surgery, with a new approach that obviates this inconvenient. METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study on 75 patients operated on non-revascularizabled ischemic infracondileal lesions. Anaesthetic technique was accomplished through the lateral approach to the popliteal fossa with the patient in supine position with the help of a nerve stimulator, by blocking the internal popliteal sciatic nerve and external popliteal sciatic nerve, in addition with the crural nerve blockade when necessary. The local anaesthetic used was ropivacaine (0,5 %) with a dose of 0.9, 0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg respectively. We assessed the characteristics of the patients, the type of the surgical operation, the efficacy of the sciatic blockade, and the incidents and complications appeared during the anaesthetic and surgical procedure and during the first seven days in the postoperative period. RESULTS: 75 blockades were made, being amputations of the fingers and wounds debridements the most frequent operations. In 10 cases crural nerve blockade was associated. There was no unsuccessful blockade. All the patients were multipathology carriers. Time to perform the technique and onset time were 7 and 10 minutes respectively, while the length of the analgesia was 16 hours. Neither incident nor complication appeared during the study performance. CONCLUSION: Due to the absence of the prone position requirement for its realization, the elevated rate of successful blockades and the absence of any incident nor complication, we thought that popliteal blockade through lateral approach is a technique of great utility for the anaesthetic management of these patients.

Palabras clave : popliteal blockade; popliteal blockade through lateral approach; foot ischemia; ropivacaine.

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