Abstract

SERRA, Jesús et al. Non invasive respiratory support in child acute respiratory failure: analysis of a group of patients seen in a private  PICU. Arch. Pediatr. Urug. [online]. 2016, vol.87, suppl.1, pp.S26-S34. ISSN 0004-0584.

Introduction: acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the main cause of pediatric morbimortality. Non invasive ventilation (NIV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) are increasingly being used un Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Aim: to describe the characteristics and clinical course of children admitted to our PICU for ARF and treated with NIV and HFNC between March and October 2014. Methods: cross-sectional and observational study. Children admitted with ARF and treated with NIV and HFNC were included. They were classified in two groups: “responders” and “failure” (failure was defined if MV was needed). Severity was scored by PIM2 and Tal scores. Results: of 80 patients admitted for ARF, 39 were included for analysis, failure rate was 15.4%. Failure causes were: neurological failure, cardiovascular failure and work of breathing. Median age was 7 months. All who needed MV were younger than one year. Severity scores were similar in both groups, as well as their comorbidities. 4 out of 5 patients were treated with CNAF. Mean flow was 1,5 l/kg/min. Most frequent diagnosis was Bronchiolitis in 64%. Those treated with non invasive methods needed less days of respiratory support. No patient died and no complications were recorded. Conclusion: this represents the first national description of non invasive respiratory support in a PICU environment. NIV and HFNC showed to be a safe and successful strategy in most patients admitted with ARF. This results will help to plan and elaborate further research in the age of pediatric non invasive respiratory care.

Keywords : NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC.

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