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Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay

On-line version ISSN 1688-1249

Abstract

GONZALEZ, Sebastián; KESHISHIAN, Ruth  and  DIAZ-ROSSELLO, José Luis. Surfactant administration without endotracheal intubation. Arch. Pediatr. Urug. [online]. 2014, vol.85, n.4, pp.235-241. ISSN 1688-1249.

Summary  Introduction: since the introduction of the administration of exogenous surfactant for the treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) of the newborn infant in Uruguay in1990, the procedure is done through an endotracheal tube while being ventilated with intermittent positive pressure. Some of the adverse effects and morbidity of this procedure may be caused by the tube itself acting as a foreign body. After a decade of use it was proposed to reduce to a minimum the duration of endotracheal tube and this practice is known as InSurE (Intubation Surfactant Extubation). More recently it has been reported that it is safer if the exogenous surfactant is administered through a thin catheter introduced in the trachea guided by laryngoscopy during spontaneous breathing and removed at the end of the administration. For its similarity to other modes of administration of fluids through catheters (clysis) we call it tracheoclysis (TQ). Objective: to report the usage of this technique in a group of preterm infants. Case report: we report the characteristics of these patients as registered in their clinical records: birth weight, head circumference, gestational age, antenatal administration of corticosteroids to induce lung maturation, birth route, Apgar score, age at first instillation of surfactant, subsequent need for endotracheal intubation and ventilatory assistance by endotracheal tube clinical and radiological immediate outcomes and adverse events. Results: from june 2012 to april 2013 the procedure was performed in 8 patients with RDS who required respiratory support via nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Patients were cared at the Unidad de Perinatología Especializada Maternidad of the Servicio Medico Integral (UPE-SMI) of Montevideo, Uruguay. There was clinical and radiological improvement in all cases, no adverse events were observed during the procedure, during the following first 72 hours of life. Conclusions: we empirically corroborated the similarity of our results with those reported in the recent international literature. Administration of surfactant by tracheoclysis in newborns with RDS supported with nCPAP is a new way of simple and safe care, reducing the need endotracheal intubation in the first 72 hours of life.

Keywords : PULMONARY SURFACTANTS; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; INFANT, PREMATURE.

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