Resumen

BIGALLI, DANIEL; BICO, ANDRéS  y  GOSSIO, ELVIRA. Cardioimplante celular para reparar tejido cardíaco: ¿un nuevo concepto terapéutico?. Rev.Urug.Cardiol. [online]. 2005, vol.20, n.3, pp.158-170. ISSN 1688-0420.

SUMMARY The classic concept that the heart is known as a non-regenerative organ has changed in the last years: today it is considered as an organ in continuous regeneration. The mechanisms to renew tissues are limited and depend on the speed of the production of the damage. The cellular cardiac implant consists on grafting differentiated or progenitor cells in the damaged myocardium, to achieve the growth of new muscle fibers and angiogenesis, in order to improve and help synchronic contraction. Different cellular populations have been used to graft directly in the damaged myocardium or injected in the circulation. In animal experimentation, in models of myocardial infarction, the autologous transplantation of differentiated cells into damaged myocardium (such as cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, skeletal myoblasts) has proven successful results in the ventricle function. On the other side, the use of mother cells has produced the regeneration of cardiomyocytes and vascular structures as endothelial and smooth muscle cells. On June 15, 2000 in France began the first phase I human trial of autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation, in 10 patients with: 1.severe left ventricular dysfunction, 2. history of myocardial infarct with a residual discrete, akinetic and metabolically nonviable scar and 3. indication for concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting in remote ischemic myocardium. In this clinical trial 60% of the initially akinetic cell implanted scar areas demonstrated a new post-operative systolic thickening with contractility. In the world, hundreds of patients have been treated with different population cells, most of them with chronic ischemic-necrotic heart failure in which successful results have been obtained. The actual evidences suggest that in a near future the cellular cardiac implant could be a good option for the treatment of some cardiac diseases.

Palabras clave : MYOCITES, CARDIAC; MYOBLASTS; REVIEW [PUBLICATION TYPE].

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