Introduction:

Infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovar, is an emerging cause of infectious proctitis worldwide, particularly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Its importance lies in the fact that its presentation as a rectal syndrome and the findings of the most commonly requested studies may initially lead to consideration of other, more frequent diagnoses, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rectal cancer. This contributes to delays in diagnosis and treatment, increasing the likelihood of severe complications and transmission.

Clinical cases:

We present two clinical cases of MSM with HIV and CT-LGV proctitis, presenting as rectal masses and initially diagnosed as rectal cancer and inflammatory proctitis. Directed history-taking and molecular testing for CT-LGV allowed an appropriate diagnosis and treatment to be established.

Conclusion:

This publication aims to raise awareness of the increase in CT-LGV proctitis and the need to maintain a high index of suspicion in patients with risk factors. The use of specific molecular tests for CT and its LGV variant allows early identification and timely treatment of these patients.

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