Introduction:

musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis is rather an unusual condition, what may result in delayed diagnosis and therapeutic mistakes.

Case report:

the study presents the case of a patient with a single primary hydatid cyst in the right posterior femoral region, which is infected.

Discussion:

a review of PubMed and LILACS was performed to learn about diagnosis and therapeutic handling of the primary musculoskeletal hydatid cysts.

Conclusions:

musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis needs to be considered among differential diagnosis of soft tissues tumors in patients coming from endemic areas. A CT scan and RMI play an important role in diagnosis and the planning of treatment. Treatment involves surgery that must be adapted to the patient and the cyst, considering its topography and size, and in particular in view of muscular and nervous vessels relationship. Other factors to bear in mind are renal sequels and esthetic aspects.

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