Abstract

CANNIZZARO, Claudia M  and  PALADINO, Miguel A. Fisiología y fisiopatología de la adaptación neonatal. Anest Analg Reanim [online]. 2011, vol.24, n.2, pp.59-74. ISSN 1688-1273.

Neonatal anesthesiology is one of the specialities of modern anesthesiology. The physicians who specialized in this area of knowledge must have a practical and theorical training in centers dedicated to this discipline. The consideration that a newborn (more so if he is a preterm) has a potentiallity treatable disease is a relatively recent change in the practice of medicine. On the other hand the survival of prematures babies and the limits of viability, even earlier because of appeareance of : exogenous surfactant, new ventilatory strategies and parenteral nutrition; adapted to the needs of phisiological capabilities of these patients, making possible the succesful treatment of complex clinical situations in small and inmature neonates. The care of sick newborns are determin by the physiological changes involved in the transition from the intrauterin to extrauterin life, which requires the implementation of complex birth homeostasis mechanisms of maduration of organs and systems necessary of survival outside the maternal body. In the preoperative time the anesthesiologyst hast to establish the best anesthetic strategy and therefore must take appropiate anesthetic method for each patient. It should be according to gestational age, clinical status, pathology and kind of surgical procedure.The objectives should be : to ensure a proffessional anesthesia care, assess each case entirely in the preanesthesic, establish the best plan of anesthesia, reduce unnecessary risks, monitor the recovery phase, register all anesthetic situations, provide ideal anesthesia care for each case outside the operating room, and assess each case in the preoperative time

Keywords : newborn; preterm; phisiology; phisiopatology; anesthesia.

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