Lingüística

ASPECTS OF IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION OF THE YOUTH AND BRAZIL IN HUMOROUS SPEECH

O objetivo principal deste artigo é verificar quais aspectos identitários sociais e culturais são manifestados nos discursos de guias ilustrados da revista humorística MAD. Para isso, analisamos as edições impressas desse periódico publicado no Brasil, em 2011. O referencial teórico adotado para fundamentar o estudo é a noção de identidade sob o viés da Análise Crítica do Discurso e dos Estudos Culturais. Conforme essas abordagens, os atos de linguagem e as formas de agir orientam o processo de apreensão do mundo social e desvelam identidades sociais e representações culturais. Os resultados obtidos após a análise das orientações contidas nos guias revelam aspectos da construção identitária do jovem e do Brasil

The main objective of this article is to verify which social and cultural aspects of identity are manifested in the speeches of illustrated humor cartoons of the magazine MAD. With that aim, printed editions of this journal published in Brazil in 2011 were analyzed. The theoretical approach used to substantiate the study is the notion of identity under the bias of Critical Discourse Analysis and Cultural Studies. According to these approaches, acts of language and ways of acting guide the process of apprehension of the social world and unveil social identities and cultural representations. The results obtained after the analysis of the cartoons reveal aspects of identity construction of the youth and of Brazil

ROGET VS. BENOT: THE DICCIONARIO DE IDEAS AFINES IN LIGHT OF ITS PREDECESSOR

El presente trabajo es un estudio contrastivo entre el Diccionario de ideas afines (1899) dirigido por Eduardo Benot y el Thesaurus of English words and phrases (1852) de Peter Mark Roget. A tal fin se han comparado los objetivos de ambas obras, la disposición de la clasificación ideológica de las categorías y el contendido de sus prólogos, así como algunos términos, con el propósito de subrayar semejanzas y disparidades entre ambos diccionarios. Un segundo objetivo es el de restaurar la figura del gaditano y el de rehabilitar la labor hecha en el Diccionario, obra que, en ocasiones, ha sido tildada de “trabajo lleno de defectos y poco útil”[1]. El análisis realizado nos permitirá afirmar el valor de la obra, cincuenta años antes de que apareciera el Diccionario ideológico de la lengua española de Julio Casares

This paper is a contrastive study between the Diccionario de ideas afines (1899) directed by Eduardo Benot and the Thesaurus of English words and phrases (1852) by Peter Mark Roget. To that end we have compared the purposes of both works, the disposition of the ideological classification of the categories and the contents of their prologues, as well as some terms, in order to underline similarities and differences between the two dictionaries. A second objective is to restore the figure of Benot and rehabilitate the work done in the Diccionario, work that has sometimes been criticized as “deeply flawed work and unhelpful”. The analysis will allow us to affirm the importance of the work, fifty years before the appearance of the Diccionario ideológico de la lengua española by Julio Casares

TO BE MORE PRO OR LESS PRO: VARIATION IN SUBJECT EXPRESSION IN LIMEÑO SPANISH

Este estudio tiene dos propósitos: por un lado, establecer los factores que determinan la expresión de sujeto pronominal en la variedad castellana de Lima, Perú; por otro, comparar dichos factores con aquellos que condicionan la misma variable en otros dialectos. A través de un estudio variacionista con el programa estadístico Goldvarb, se determinó que los factores que favorecen la ocurrencia de sujetos pronominales en esta variedad son segunda persona singular, primera persona singular, verbos psicológicos, verba dicendi, cambio referencial y desinencia ambigua de tiempo, modo y aspecto. En general, los resultados son similares a los de los demás dialectos, aunque la jerarquía de los factores involucrados es diferente. Además, se halló que la variedad limeña tiene la menor tasa de sujetos pronominales estudiada, y que, en ese sentido, armoniza con dialectos peninsulares y mexicanos. Se concluye que la variedad limeña es conservadora en cuanto a la expresión de sujeto pronominal

This study has two purposes: on the one hand, to determine the factors that constrain subject pronoun expression in the Spanish variety of Lima, Peru; on the other, to compare these factors to the ones favoring the same variable in other dialects. Through a variationist study employing the statistical program Goldvarb, it was established that the factors favoring the occurrence of subject pronouns in this variety are second person singular, first person singular, psychological verbs, verba dicendi, switch reference and ambiguous tense-aspect-mood endings. In general, these results are similar to the ones of other dialects, although the hierarchy of the factors is different. It was also found that the Lima variety has the lowest rate of subject pronoun expression of all varieties studied and that, in this respect, it patterns with Peninsular and Mexican dialects. It is concluded that the Lima variety is conservative regarding pronominal subject expression

THE DISCRIMINATION OF LATINOS IN THE U.S: CENTRAL IDEAS IN THE APPRAISAL DISCOURSE OF BLOGS WRITTEN BY LATINAS

En EEUU, el español es una lengua minorizada y el movimiento anti-inmigrante ha recobrado importancia y fuerza durante las últimas décadas. Realizamos un análisis del discurso valorativo en blogs escritos por latinas con el objetivo principal de identificar ideas centrales, es decir, ciertos temas que se repiten en las entradas y que se relacionan con la discriminación. Nos valemos de algunas de las herramientas del análisis de discurso de Gee (2011) y el modelo de los tres subsistemas del discurso valorativo de Martin y Rose (2007). Con el análisis de las primeras quince entradas de diez blogs podemos constatar que el tema de la discriminación es recurrente, pero tratado de maneras distintas en los blogs. Un análisis pormenorizado de dos entradas de dos blogs nos muestra que las dos blogueras han sido víctimas de la discriminación y presentan sus relatos personales de ella

In the US, Spanish is a minoritized language and the anti-immigrant movement has become more important and more powerful over the past few decades. We conduct an analysis of appraisal discourse in blogs written by Latinas with the primary aim of identifying central ideas, i.e. specific themes repeated in said posts and related to the subject of discrimination. We use some of Gee’s (2011) discourse analysis tools and Martin and Rose’s (2007) three- subsystem model of appraisal discourse. When analyzing the first fifteen posts of ten blogs, we find that the subject of discrimination is frequent, although treated differently in different blogs. A detailed analysis of two posts from two different blogs shows that the bloggers have been victims of discrimination and present their personal narratives of this experience

CONTACT AND BORROWING: THE PRESENCE OF ENGLISH IN THE MONTEVIDEAN PRESS

En este trabajo analizo los préstamos léxicos del inglés en la prensa montevideana específicamente en artículos de informática y deporte. Parto de la hipótesis –confirmada por los resultados de este estudio– de que el campo semántico del deporte presenta una asimilación de términos tomados en préstamo del inglés mayor que el de la informática, porque cuenta con una tradición más antigua y afianzada. A partir del análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de 110 entradas léxicas, establezco, desde una perspectiva sincrónica y con base en la metodología presentada en Poplack et al. (1984), el grado de incorporación de las expresiones del inglés consideradas como préstamos (borrowings y/o loanwords) al español, atendiendo tanto a sus diferentes realizaciones ortográfico-grafemáticas y a su adaptación morfológica como al grado de aceptabilidad o socialización asignado por los hablantes encuestados para tal finalidad. Las conclusiones valoran (con originalidad) el alcance del influjo del inglés sobre el español actual.

In this article, I analyze lexical borrowings from English found in Montevidean newspaper and magazine articles that specifically pertain to computer-related topics and sports. Undergirding this study is the hypothesis –supported by the results obtained– that the semantic field of sports presents a greater assimilation of terms borrowed from English than the field of computers, since it has an older and more consolidated tradition. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 110 lexical entries, I establish, from a synchronic perspective and following the methodology outlined in Poplack et al. (1984), the degree of integration of the English expressions considered as borrowings and/or loanwords into Spanish, focusing on their orthographical-graphematic variants, their morphological adaptation as well as the degree of acceptability or socialization assigned by the informants. The conclusions value (in an original manner) the scope of influence of English on current Spanish.

GRAMMAR BY THE FABLE: OR: THE FABLE BY GRAMMAR

Com o propósito de análise da função de que se reveste a fábula, parte-se de sua conceituação, historicamente vinculada à arte retórica, à força didática e ao valor literário, para chegar a uma análise gramatical da estrutura narrativa em que o gênero se apresenta. Dentro do ponto de vista funcionalista que dirige o estudo, a função determina a estrutura, e, nessa linha, o estudo mostra a fábula resolvida em modos particulares de ativação de processos básicos de constituição do enunciado, como o estabelecimento das predicações e a criação da rede referencial de seus participantes. É determinante, já no ponto de partida, o acionamento discursivo de propriedades que, a serviço de fins em vista, configuram características linguísticas que definem a natureza específica da criação fabular.

With the purpose of analyzing the function developed byt the fable, this paper begins with its definition, historically linked to the rhetorical art, the teaching force and the literary value, to reach a grammatical analysis of the narrative structure in which genre is presented. From the functionalist point of view, the function determines the structure, and, accordingly, this study shows the fable resolved in specific modes of activation of the utterance formation basic processes such as the establishment of predications and the creation of the referential network of its participants. Since the beginning, the discursive activation of properties is crucial, which, working toward specific goals, configure linguistic characteristics that define the specific nature of the fable.

FORMATION OF THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN BRAZIL: SOCIAL HISTORICAL ASPECTS

Este artículo aporta una reflexión sobre la lengua portuguesa hablada en Brasil, con base en datos y hechos sociales e históricos que contribuyeron con la formación de la lengua portuguesa en Brasil. El punto de partida para el análisis es la noción de horizonte de retrospección (Auroux 2007) con base en la cual se observan los hechos socio-históricos que permiten la interpretación de la formación de la lengua practicada en Brasil. La premisa que le da soporte a la reflexión es la de la presencia de matrices antropológicas (Ribeiro [1995] 2006) sobre las cuales se construyó el pueblo brasileño. El estudio revela, al final, que las vicisitudes por las que ha pasado la lengua portuguesa en territorio brasileño, si todavía no la han transformado en otra lengua, sí han creado nuevas formas de vida y posibilidades de discurso.

This article presents a reflection on the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil, based on data as well as social and historical facts that contributed to the constitution of the Portuguese language in Brazil and of Brazil. The starting point for the analysis is the notion of restrospection horizon (Auroux 2007) based on the facts which bring socio-historical interpretation allowing the formation of the language practiced in Brazil. The premise that supports this reflection is the presence of anthropological matrices (Ribeiro [1995] 2006) upon which the people of Brazil have been formed. The study reveals, in the end, that if the vicissitudes through which the Portuguese language has passed in Brazilian territory did not transform it into another language, they have surely created new forms of life and possibilities of discourse

RICARDO OTHEGUY Y ANA CELIA ZENTELLA. Spanish in New York. Language Contact, Dialectal Leveling, and Structural Continuity

ALFONSO ZAMORANO AGUILAR (coord. y ed.). Reflexión lingüística y lengua en la España del XIX. Marcos, panoramas y nuevas aportaciones

ANTONIO NARBONA JIMÉNEZ (Coord.). Conciencia y valoración del habla andaluza